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Ophthalmic Use: Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is commonly used in ophthalmic practice to induce mydriasis (pupil dilation) and cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is often used in the examination of the eye, such as during refraction testing, retinal examination, and assessment of intraocular pressure. By temporarily dilating the pupil and paralyzing accommodation, cyclopentolate hydrochloride allows for better visualization of the structures within the eye and facilitates accurate assessment of refractive errors.
Refraction Testing: Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is frequently used to perform refraction testing (determining the appropriate eyeglass prescription) in individuals with refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. By inducing cycloplegia, cyclopentolate hydrochloride temporarily relaxes the ciliary muscle of the eye, allowing for accurate measurement of the eye's refractive status and assessment of the need for corrective lenses.
Therapeutic Use: In addition to its diagnostic applications, cyclopentolate hydrochloride may also be used therapeutically in the treatment of certain eye conditions such as uveitis (inflammation of the uvea), iritis, and accommodative esotropia (a type of strabismus characterized by inward deviation of one or both eyes during near activities). By inducing cycloplegia and relaxing the ciliary muscle, cyclopentolate hydrochloride helps alleviate symptoms such as eye pain, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and ocular discomfort associated with these conditions.
Dosage and Administration: Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is typically administered as eye drops or ophthalmic solution for topical application to the eye. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on factors such as the age of the patient, the specific indication for use, and the desired degree of pupil dilation and cycloplegia. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by the healthcare provider and to administer cyclopentolate hydrochloride as directed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing the risk of side effects.
Side Effects: Common side effects of cyclopentolate hydrochloride may include temporary blurred vision, sensitivity to light (photophobia), stinging or burning sensation in the eye upon instillation, dryness of the eyes, and increased intraocular pressure. Prolonged or excessive use of cyclopentolate hydrochloride may lead to systemic absorption of the medication, resulting in systemic side effects such as tachycardia (rapid heart rate), flushing, dry mouth, urinary retention, and central nervous system effects (such as dizziness or confusion). In rare cases, cyclopentolate hydrochloride may cause allergic reactions or hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals.
Cognitive Issues: As mentioned, cyclopentolate hydrochloride may have the potential to cause cognitive issues, particularly in susceptible individuals such as children or the elderly. Central nervous system effects such as dizziness, confusion, disorientation, or agitation may occur, especially with systemic absorption of the medication. Patients should be monitored closely for cognitive changes during cyclopentolate hydrochloride therapy, and treatment should be adjusted or discontinued if cognitive issues arise.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Odoribacter | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Odoribacter splanchnicus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0 | 0 | |
| Allergies | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Asthma | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Autism | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0 | 0 | |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Cognitive Function | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Depression | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
| Endometriosis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Epilepsy | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Heart Failure | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0 | 0 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 | 0 | |
| Hypoxia | 0 | 0 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Insomnia | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Long COVID | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Lung Cancer | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0 | 0 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0 | 0 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0 | 0.4 | 0 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Obesity | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0 | 0 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Vitiligo | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
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