ant, tsetse, mealybug, aphid, etc. endosymbionts Details: NCBI 84563, gram-negative or unknown [clade]

| ant, tsetse, mealybug, aphid, etc. endosymbionts

1. Nutritional Mutualism:

   • Aphids and Buchnera: Aphids often harbor the endosymbiont bacterium Buchnera. Buchnera provides essential amino acids that are deficient in the aphid's diet of plant sap. This nutritional mutualism is crucial for the survival and reproduction of aphids.

2. Protection Against Parasites:

   • Mealybugs and Tremblaya: Mealybugs often have a mutualistic relationship with the endosymbiont Tremblaya, which, in turn, harbors other symbiotic bacteria such as Moranella. These symbionts provide protection against parasitic wasps by producing defensive compounds.

3. Reproduction and Fitness:

   • Ants and Blochmannia: Some ant species, such as the Camponotini tribe, have endosymbiotic bacteria called Blochmannia. These bacteria are believed to play a role in the nutrition and reproduction of the ants, contributing to the overall fitness of the colony.

4. Vector Competence:

   • Tsetse Flies and Wigglesworthia: Tsetse flies house the endosymbiont Wigglesworthia. This bacterium is essential for the fly's reproduction and fecundity. Tsetse flies are vectors of trypanosomes that cause diseases like African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). The presence of Wigglesworthia influences the vector competence of tsetse flies.

5. Impact on Host Physiology:

   • General Roles: Endosymbionts can influence various aspects of host physiology, including immunity, reproduction, and metabolism. They often contribute to the adaptation of the host to its specific ecological niche.

6. Co-evolution and Obligate Relationships:

   • Obligate Mutualism: In many cases, the relationships between insects and their endosymbionts are obligate, meaning that the host and symbiont have co-evolved to the point where they depend on each other for survival and reproduction.

The above data is from 1000 Healthy Individuals done using Shotgun(10 Millions reads) provide courtesy of Precision Biome.

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Other Sources for more information:

• Immune Epitope Database
• The NCBI taxonomy database
• UniProt
• Immune Epitope Taxonomy Database (IEDB)
• AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

More Information

Statistics

NCBI

Data Punk

End Products Produced

Lab Reporting

Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.

Desired Levels Suggestions for ant, tsetse, mealybug, aphid, etc. endosymbionts

• Lab Low and High are calculated using the formula that most labs use: Mean - 1.95 Standard Deviation to Mean + 1.95 Standard Deviation

These are values that are computed from lab specific samples and are in percentage

Lab	Frequency	Average	Median	Minimum	Maximum	Std.Dev.	Skew	25 - 75 Percentile	5 - 95 Percentile	Lab Ranges	Box-Plot-Whiskers	Harmonic Mean	Geometric Mean	Obs.
BiomeSight	0.2567	0.006	0.002	0.001	0.369	0.016	0.754	0.001 - 0.005	0.001 - 0.022	-0.0252 - 0.0373	-0.005 - 0.011	0.0021	0.003	951
Medivere	0.8571	0.0071	0.0078	0.0006	0.0125	0.0045	-0.5249	0.0042 - 0.0099	0.0012 - 0.012	-0.0017 - 0.0158	-0.0043 - 0.0184	0.0025	0.005	6
Thorne	0.0529	0.0003	0.0003	0.0001	0.0005	0.0002	0.3829	0.0001 - 0.0004	0.0001 - 0.0005	0 - 0.0006	-0.0003 - 0.0008	0.0002	0.0002	10

External Reference Ranges for ant, tsetse, mealybug, aphid, etc. endosymbionts

ant, tsetse, mealybug, aphid, etc. endosymbionts (NCBI 84563) per million

Source of Ranges	Low Boundary	High Boundary	Low Boundary %age	High Boundary %age

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