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Parkinson's Disease: Ropinirole is a dopamine agonist that works by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement and other functions. By mimicking the action of dopamine, ropinirole helps alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. It is often used as monotherapy in the early stages of Parkinson's disease or in combination with levodopa in more advanced stages to enhance its efficacy and reduce motor fluctuations.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Ropinirole is also approved for the treatment of moderate to severe primary restless legs syndrome. RLS is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as creeping, crawling, or tingling sensations in the legs. Ropinirole helps alleviate these symptoms by regulating dopamine levels in the brain, although the exact mechanism of action in RLS is not fully understood.
Secondary Restless Legs Syndrome: Ropinirole may also be used off-label to manage restless legs syndrome associated with other medical conditions such as iron deficiency anemia, kidney failure, peripheral neuropathy, and pregnancy. However, its use in these conditions should be carefully evaluated by healthcare professionals, and the benefits should outweigh the potential risks.
Neuropathic Pain: Some studies suggest that dopamine agonists like ropinirole may have analgesic properties and could be beneficial in the management of neuropathic pain conditions. However, more research is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of ropinirole specifically for neuropathic pain.
Augmentation: In the treatment of RLS, augmentation is a phenomenon where symptoms worsen over time with the long-term use of dopaminergic medications like ropinirole. Augmentation may manifest as earlier onset of symptoms, increased severity, spread to other body parts, or reduced response to medication. Healthcare providers should monitor patients for signs of augmentation and adjust treatment accordingly if it occurs.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens A | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens C | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens CPE | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens D | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens B | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens E | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides ovatus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridium perfringens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| ADHD | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| Allergies | 3.3 | 2.9 | 0.14 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.83 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 3.2 | 2 | 0.6 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Asthma | 1.5 | 1.6 | -0.07 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 |
| Autism | 4.4 | 2.8 | 0.57 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.17 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.69 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 1.8 | -2 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.7 | 2.5 | 0.48 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Cognitive Function | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 3.2 | 1.5 | 1.13 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 4 | 4.6 | -0.15 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.52 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 4.1 | 4.4 | -0.07 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Endometriosis | 1 | 0.9 | 0.11 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Gout | 1.1 | 1.5 | -0.36 |
| Graves' disease | 1.5 | 1.9 | -0.27 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Heart Failure | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.8 | 2.3 | -0.28 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.2 | 1 | -4 |
| Hypoxia | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.9 | 1.7 | -0.89 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 3.1 | 4.2 | -0.35 |
| Insomnia | 1.3 | 1.6 | -0.23 |
| Intelligence | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 3.4 | 2.7 | 0.26 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.6 | 3.1 | -0.19 |
| Long COVID | 3.4 | 4.1 | -0.21 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Lymphoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.6 | 1.5 | -1.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Menopause | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 3.7 | 2.8 | 0.32 |
| Mood Disorders | 4.6 | 4.1 | 0.12 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 3 | 1.6 | 0.88 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.4 | 2.4 | -0.71 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| Obesity | 4.2 | 3.8 | 0.11 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.27 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 4.6 | 2.8 | 0.64 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.22 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Psoriasis | 2 | 0.9 | 1.22 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.17 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Schizophrenia | 3.4 | 2 | 0.7 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1 | 1.9 | -0.9 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.77 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3.7 | 3.4 | 0.09 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.4 | 2.7 | -0.93 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1.75 |
| Vitiligo | 0.9 | 1.3 | -0.44 |
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