AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Pain Relief: Rofecoxib was effective in providing pain relief for individuals suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute pain. As an NSAID, it worked by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are substances in the body that contribute to inflammation and pain.
Anti-inflammatory Effects: Like other NSAIDs, rofecoxib exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in reducing inflammation associated with arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. By reducing inflammation, it helped alleviate symptoms such as pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Cardiovascular Risks: The major reason for the withdrawal of rofecoxib from the market was its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes. Clinical studies revealed that long-term use of rofecoxib, especially at high doses, was linked to a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared to placebo or other NSAIDs. This risk was particularly concerning for individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease or risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or smoking.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects: Rofecoxib, like other NSAIDs, could cause gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach ulcers, bleeding, and perforation. While it was initially believed to have a lower risk of gastrointestinal complications compared to traditional NSAIDs, subsequent research indicated that its cardiovascular risks outweighed any potential gastrointestinal benefits.
Withdrawal from the Market: In September 2004, Merck & Co., the manufacturer of Vioxx, voluntarily withdrew the drug from the market worldwide due to safety concerns related to its cardiovascular risks. The decision followed the results of clinical trials and studies that demonstrated an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes associated with rofecoxib use.
Legal Issues: The withdrawal of rofecoxib from the market led to numerous lawsuits against Merck & Co. by individuals who had experienced adverse cardiovascular events while taking the drug. In 2007, Merck agreed to settle many of these lawsuits for billions of dollars.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fusobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides merdae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Fusobacterium nucleatum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus parasanguinis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Allergies | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1 | 1 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
| Autism | 1.7 | 2.3 | -0.35 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Biofilm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1 | 1.4 | -0.4 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 1.6 | 2.3 | -0.44 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.4 | 2 | -0.43 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Depression | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.05 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Endometriosis | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Graves' disease | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Halitosis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Heart Failure | 1.8 | 0.3 | 5 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.92 |
| Insomnia | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.4 | 1.3 | -2.25 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.11 |
| Long COVID | 2.7 | 2 | 0.35 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.05 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.12 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Obesity | 1.6 | 2.4 | -0.5 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Vitiligo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
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