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Aromatase Inhibition: Formestane works by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for the conversion of androgens (such as testosterone) into estrogens (such as estradiol). By inhibiting aromatase, formestane reduces the production of estrogen in the body.
Breast Cancer Treatment: Formestane is used as adjuvant therapy (therapy given after primary treatment to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence) in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It may also be used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
Hormone Therapy: Formestane is often used in combination with other hormonal therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors, to further suppress estrogen production or block estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells.
Estrogen Suppression: By reducing estrogen levels in the body, formestane helps to slow down or stop the growth of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells. This can lead to tumor shrinkage and improved survival outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Side Effects: Common side effects of formestane may include hot flashes, sweating, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, joint pain, headache, dizziness, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. These side effects are usually temporary and may improve over time.
Bone Health: Long-term use of aromatase inhibitors like formestane may increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures due to reduced estrogen levels. Therefore, bone mineral density may need to be monitored regularly in patients receiving formestane therapy, and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D may be recommended.
Cardiovascular Health: Estrogen has cardio-protective effects, and its suppression by formestane may increase the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. Patients should be monitored for cardiovascular risk factors, and lifestyle modifications may be advised to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Endocrine Effects: Formestane may affect the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and other endocrine glands. Regular monitoring of hormone levels, including cortisol and thyroid hormones, may be necessary during formestane therapy.
Interactions: Formestane may interact with other medications, including hormonal therapies, and supplements. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications and supplements they are taking before starting formestane therapy.
Pregnancy and Lactation: Formestane is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation due to its potential to cause harm to the fetus or nursing infant. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception during formestane therapy.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Allergies | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Asthma | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Autism | 1.3 | 1.9 | -0.46 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| COVID-19 | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.57 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Depression | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.27 |
| Endometriosis | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.7 | 1.3 | -0.86 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Heart Failure | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.6 | 1.7 | -1.83 |
| Insomnia | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.63 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
| Long COVID | 0.4 | 1.5 | -2.75 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Menopause | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.3 | 1.5 | -0.15 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.7 | 1.9 | -1.71 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| neuropathic pain | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 1 | -1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Obesity | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.62 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.91 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.4 | 1.4 | -2.5 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 1.6 | -4.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.7 | 1.3 | -0.86 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.9 | 1.5 | -0.67 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.4 | 1.5 | -2.75 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1 | -1 | |
| Vitiligo | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
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