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Reduction of Alcohol Consumption: Nalmefene is indicated for the reduction of alcohol consumption in adults with alcohol dependence who have a high level of alcohol intake. It works by reducing the reinforcing effects of alcohol, thereby helping individuals to drink less or abstain from alcohol altogether.
Opioid Receptor Antagonist: Nalmefene acts as a selective opioid receptor antagonist, specifically targeting the mu-opioid receptors in the brain. By blocking these receptors, nalmefene reduces the pleasurable effects of alcohol, which can help individuals with alcohol dependence to control their drinking behavior.
Maintenance of Abstinence: Nalmefene may help individuals who have successfully abstained from alcohol to maintain their sobriety by reducing the risk of relapse and the severity of alcohol cravings. It can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes counseling and support services.
Reduction of Cravings: Nalmefene has been shown to decrease the urge to drink alcohol and reduce the frequency and intensity of alcohol cravings. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals who experience strong cravings for alcohol, which may contribute to relapse.
Side Effects: Like any medication, nalmefene may cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include nausea, dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia, and gastrointestinal discomfort. These side effects are typically mild to moderate in severity and often resolve on their own over time.
Monitoring and Support: Treatment with nalmefene should be accompanied by regular monitoring by healthcare professionals to assess its effectiveness and monitor for any adverse effects. Patients may also benefit from ongoing support and counseling to address underlying issues related to alcohol dependence and to develop coping strategies for managing cravings and triggers.
Contraindications: Nalmefene is contraindicated in individuals with severe liver impairment, acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and those who are currently receiving opioid agonist therapy or have a history of opioid dependence. It should be used with caution in patients with moderate liver impairment and should not be used in pregnant or breastfeeding women unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Anaerobutyricum hallii | Reduces |
| species | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus parasanguinis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia rectibacter | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus sp. HSISM1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus sp. LPB0220 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus ruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus catus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea longicatena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. SY8519 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia hejianensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium ventriosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum hallii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. M62/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum variabile | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Allergies | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Asthma | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.1 | 1 | -9 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Autism | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.57 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0 | 0 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.5 | 1.4 | -1.8 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Constipation | 0 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| COVID-19 | 0.6 | 2.1 | -2.5 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0 | 0 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 1.9 | 2.3 | -0.21 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Eczema | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Endometriosis | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0 | 0 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Halitosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Heart Failure | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 | 0 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.2 | 1.8 | -8 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Long COVID | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.1 | 0.9 | -8 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Menopause | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.9 | 1 | -0.11 |
| Mood Disorders | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.5 | 1.2 | -1.4 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Obesity | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1 | 1.4 | -0.4 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0 | 0 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Rosacea | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| scoliosis | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0 | 0 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Vitiligo | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
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