🍽️ lamotrigine,(prescription)

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Epilepsy: Lamotrigine is commonly prescribed as an antiepileptic medication to control seizures in various types of epilepsy, including focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It helps reduce the frequency and severity of seizures by regulating abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Bipolar Disorder: Lamotrigine is also approved for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, specifically to prevent or reduce the frequency of mood episodes, including manic, hypomanic, depressive, or mixed episodes. It is often used in conjunction with other mood stabilizers or antidepressants to help stabilize mood and prevent relapse.
Depression: In some cases, lamotrigine may be used off-label as an adjunctive treatment for depression, particularly in individuals with bipolar disorder who have not responded adequately to standard antidepressant therapy. It may help alleviate depressive symptoms and improve overall mood stability.
Postherpetic Neuralgia: Postherpetic neuralgia is a complication of shingles (herpes zoster) characterized by persistent pain in the area affected by the shingles rash. Lamotrigine may be used off-label to help manage neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia, although its efficacy for this indication is less established compared to other medications such as anticonvulsants or tricyclic antidepressants.
Other Neuropsychiatric Conditions: There is emerging evidence suggesting potential benefits of lamotrigine in the treatment of other neuropsychiatric conditions, such as borderline personality disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and anxiety disorders. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and safety in these conditions.

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Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of lamotrigine,(prescription) On Probiotics

Rank	Probiotic	Impact
species	Bacteroides uniformis	Reduces
species	Escherichia coli	Reduces

Bacteria Impacted by lamotrigine,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

🧙?
📓 Direct Citations	👪👶 Indirect Citations	Taxonomy	Rank	Effect
0	1	Bilophila	genus	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia	genus	Decreases
0	1	Roseburia	genus	Decreases
0	1	Eggerthella	genus	Decreases
0	1	Agathobacter	genus	Decreases
0	1	Shigella	genus	Decreases
0	1	Veillonella	genus	Decreases
0	1	Mediterraneibacter	genus	Decreases
0	1	Streptococcus	genus	Decreases
0	1	Bacteroides	genus	Decreases
0	1	Phocaeicola	genus	Decreases
0	1	Enterocloster	genus	Decreases
0	1	Fusobacterium	genus	Decreases
0	1	Coprococcus	genus	Decreases
0	1	Segatella	genus	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O139:H1	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O141:H4	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:H34	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O15:H12	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O155:H21	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O158:H23	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O16:H48	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O170:H18	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O18ac:H14	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O19:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K1:H4	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K1:H5	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K1:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O20:H12	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O25:H16	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O55:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O68:H12	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O7:H15	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78:H51	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O80:H26	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O84:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O85:H1	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O119	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O121	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O155	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O177	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O26	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O3	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O43	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O5	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O86	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O91	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli H20	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O1:H42	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O1:HNT	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O10:H32	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O10:K5(L):H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O100:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O104:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O104:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:H-	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O112ab:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O112ac:H19	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O113:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O114:H49	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O118:H16	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O121:H19	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O121:H7	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O123:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O125ac:K+:H10	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O126:H45	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O127:H27	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O127:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O128:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O128ac:H12	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O139:H28	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:H28	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O146:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O15:H18	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O150:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O152:H23	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O153:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O156:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:H-	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:H43	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:H7	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O16:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O165:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O167:H26	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O174:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O174:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O174:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O176:H45	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O177:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K2:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O25:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O25:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O26:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O26:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O28ac:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O29:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O32:H37	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O39:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O44:H18	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O45:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O6:H16	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O6:H16:CFA/II	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O6:K2:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O69:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O7:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O7:K1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78:H12	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O79:H7	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O8:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O81:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O83:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O86:H34	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O89m:H10	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O89m:H9	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O9:H10	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O91:H14	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O91:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O99:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli ONT:H33	serotype	Decreases
1	0	Bilophila wadsworthia	species	Decreases
1	0	Escherichia coli	species	Decreases
1	0	Roseburia intestinalis	species	Decreases
1	0	Bacteroides xylanisolvens	species	Decreases
1	0	Eggerthella lenta	species	Decreases
1	0	Agathobacter rectalis	species	Decreases
1	0	Veillonella parvula	species	Decreases
0	1	Shigella dysenteriae	species	Decreases
0	1	Shigella flexneri	species	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia albertii	species	Decreases
1	0	Mediterraneibacter gnavus	species	Decreases
1	0	Bacteroides fragilis	species	Decreases
1	0	Streptococcus parasanguinis	species	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia fergusonii	species	Decreases
0	1	Shigella boydii	species	Decreases
1	0	Phocaeicola vulgatus	species	Decreases
0	1	Streptococcus sp. HSISM1	species	Decreases
0	1	Streptococcus sp. LPB0220	species	Decreases
0	1	Roseburia rectibacter	species	Decreases
0	1	Bacteroides sp. DH3716P	species	Decreases
0	1	Veillonella rodentium	species	Decreases
0	1	Eggerthella guodeyinii	species	Decreases
0	1	Shigella sonnei	species	Decreases
0	1	Alistipes sp. dk3624	species	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia marmotae	species	Decreases
1	0	Enterocloster bolteae	species	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia sp. E4742	species	Decreases
0	1	Veillonella dispar	species	Decreases
0	1	Butyrivibrio crossotus	species	Decreases
0	1	Veillonella sp. S12025-13	species	Decreases
0	1	Bacteroides luhongzhouii	species	Decreases
0	1	Veillonella nakazawae	species	Decreases
1	0	Fusobacterium nucleatum	species	Decreases
1	0	Bacteroides uniformis	species	Decreases
1	0	Coprococcus comes	species	Decreases
1	0	Segatella copri	species	Decreases
0	1	Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum	subspecies	Decreases

Impact of lamotrigine,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition	Positive Impact	Negative Impact	Benefit Ratio Impact
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	0.5		0.5
ADHD	0.6	0.2	2
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma	0.2		0.2
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)	0.7	0.9	-0.29
Allergies	1.6	0.2	7
Allergy to milk products	0.6	0.4	0.5
Alzheimer's disease	1.4	2.9	-1.07
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron	0.7	0.5	0.4
Ankylosing spondylitis	1.4	0.4	2.5
Anorexia Nervosa	0.1	0.9	-8
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)	1.1	0.5	1.2
Asthma	1.8	0.6	2
Atherosclerosis	0.9	0.7	0.29
Atrial fibrillation	0.8	1.4	-0.75
Autism	2.4	2.9	-0.21
Autoimmune Disease	0.6	0.2	2
Barrett esophagus cancer	0.2	0.1	1
benign prostatic hyperplasia	0.4	0.1	3
Biofilm	1.3		1.3
Bipolar Disorder	1.2	0.6	1
Brain Trauma	0.1	0.3	-2
Breast Cancer	0.6		0.6
Cancer (General)	0.2		0.2
Carcinoma	1.2	0.1	11
Celiac Disease	1.8	0.7	1.57
Cerebral Palsy	0.4	0.3	0.33
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	1.9	1.5	0.27
Chronic Kidney Disease	1.1	1.2	-0.09
Chronic Lyme		0.3	-0.3
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	1.1	0.5	1.2
Chronic Urticaria (Hives)	1.1	0.3	2.67
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria	1.1	0.3	2.67
Cognitive Function	0.2	0.3	-0.5
Colorectal Cancer	2.6	1.1	1.36
Constipation	0.7	0.2	2.5
Coronary artery disease	1.5	1.1	0.36
COVID-19	2.2	2.2	0
Crohn's Disease	3.3	1	2.3
Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism)		0.3	-0.3
cystic fibrosis	0.8	0.3	1.67
d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog)	0.5		0.5
deep vein thrombosis	1.3	0.5	1.6
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts	0.5		0.5
Depression	3.4	2.1	0.62
Dermatomyositis	0.1		0.1
Eczema	1	0.4	1.5
Endometriosis	1.2	0.9	0.33
Eosinophilic Esophagitis	0	0.3	0
Epilepsy	1.5	0.1	14
erectile dysfunction	0.6		0.6
Fibromyalgia	0.4	0.2	1
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation	2.1	0.6	2.5
gallstone disease (gsd)	1.4	0.3	3.67
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus	0.7	0.2	2.5
Generalized anxiety disorder	1.7	0.2	7.5
Glioblastoma		0.1	-0.1
Gout	0.6	0.2	2
Graves' disease	0.3	0.6	-1
Gulf War Syndrome	0.1	0.2	-1
Halitosis	0.5	0.1	4
Hashimoto's thyroiditis	0.8	0.6	0.33
Heart Failure	1.5	0.6	1.5
hemorrhagic stroke	0		0
Hidradenitis Suppurativa	0.7	0.2	2.5
High Histamine/low DAO	0.8		0.8
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol)	0.5		0.5
hyperglycemia	1.3	0.1	12
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats)	0.5		0.5
hypersomnia		0.5	-0.5
hypertension (High Blood Pressure	0.7	1.2	-0.71
Hypothyroidism		0.2	-0.2
Hypoxia	0.1		0.1
IgA nephropathy (IgAN)	0.4	1	-1.5
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	3.2	3	0.07
Insomnia	0.4	0.8	-1
Intelligence	0.8	0	0
Intracranial aneurysms	0.1	0	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	2.2	0.8	1.75
ischemic stroke	0.9	1	-0.11
Liver Cirrhosis	2.8	1.6	0.75
Long COVID	1.6	1	0.6
Low bone mineral density		0.2	-0.2
Lung Cancer	0.9		0.9
Lymphoma	0.4		0.4
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis	0.6	0	0
ME/CFS with IBS	0.2	0.1	1
ME/CFS without IBS	0.9	0.1	8
membranous nephropathy	0.1		0.1
Menopause	0.2	0.2	0
Metabolic Syndrome	3.2	1.6	1
Mood Disorders	3	1.8	0.67
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS]	0.3		0.3
Multiple Sclerosis	2	1.1	0.82
Multiple system atrophy (MSA)	0.2		0.2
myasthenia gravis	0.6	0.2	2
neuropathic pain	0.2	0.3	-0.5
Neuropathy (all types)	0.3	0.5	-0.67
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS)	0.6		0.6
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic	1.5	0.7	1.14
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity	0.3	0.1	2
Obesity	2.2	1.2	0.83
obsessive-compulsive disorder	1.6	0.7	1.29
Osteoarthritis	0.8	0.2	3
Osteoporosis	1.1	0.2	4.5
pancreatic cancer	0.2	0.1	1
Parkinson's Disease	2.3	2.2	0.05
Polycystic ovary syndrome	1.6	0.9	0.78
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome		0	0
primary biliary cholangitis	0.3	0.2	0.5
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	1.1	0.3	2.67
Psoriasis	1	0.7	0.43
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA)	1.9	1.1	0.73
Rosacea		0.2	-0.2
Schizophrenia	1.4	0.5	1.8
scoliosis	0.5	0.5	0
Sjögren syndrome	1	0.3	2.33
Sleep Apnea	0.2	0.5	-1.5
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis	0.8		0.8
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)	0.9		0.9
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder	1.1	0.7	0.57
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	2	0.2	9
Tic Disorder	0.3	0	0
Tourette syndrome	0.1	0.1	0
Type 1 Diabetes	1.7	0.6	1.83
Type 2 Diabetes	3.3	1.6	1.06
Ulcerative colitis	1.8	1.3	0.38
Unhealthy Ageing	1.9	0.6	2.17
Vitiligo	0.5	0	0

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