🍽️ topiramate,(prescription)

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Epilepsy: Topiramate is approved for use as an antiepileptic medication to control seizures in various forms of epilepsy, including partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain and reducing the occurrence of abnormal electrical discharges that can lead to seizures.
Migraine Prophylaxis: Topiramate is also indicated for migraine prophylaxis, meaning it can be used to prevent migraine headaches in adults. It is particularly effective in reducing the frequency and severity of migraine attacks in individuals who experience recurrent migraines. The exact mechanism of action in migraine prevention is not fully understood but is believed to involve modulation of neurotransmitters and neuronal excitability.
Weight Loss: Topiramate is sometimes prescribed off-label for weight loss, either alone or in combination with other medications. It has been observed that individuals taking topiramate may experience appetite suppression and reduced food intake, leading to gradual weight loss over time. However, the use of topiramate for weight loss should be carefully monitored and supervised by a healthcare professional due to potential side effects and safety concerns.
Bipolar Disorder: Topiramate may be used off-label as an adjunctive treatment for certain symptoms of bipolar disorder, such as mood stabilization and prevention of manic episodes. However, its use in bipolar disorder is less common compared to other mood stabilizers, and evidence supporting its efficacy in this context is limited.
Alcohol Dependence: There is some evidence suggesting that topiramate may be beneficial in reducing alcohol consumption and promoting abstinence in individuals with alcohol dependence. It is thought to act on the brain's reward pathways and may help reduce cravings for alcohol. However, further research is needed to establish its effectiveness and safety for this indication.
Side Effects: Topiramate treatment is associated with various side effects, including cognitive impairment, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, and changes in taste sensation. In some cases, it may also cause mood changes, difficulty concentrating, and kidney stones. Close monitoring and dose adjustments may be necessary to manage side effects and optimize treatment outcomes.

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Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of topiramate,(prescription) On Probiotics

Rank	Probiotic	Impact
species	Akkermansia muciniphila	Reduces
species	Escherichia coli	Reduces
species	Lactobacillus johnsonii	Increases

Bacteria Impacted by topiramate,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

🧙?
📓 Direct Citations	👪👶 Indirect Citations	Taxonomy	Rank	Effect
0	1	Akkermansiaceae	family	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia	genus	Decreases
0	1	Ruminococcus	genus	Decreases
0	1	Odoribacter	genus	Decreases
0	1	Streptococcus	genus	Decreases
0	1	Enterocloster	genus	Decreases
1	0	Akkermansia	genus	Decreases
0	1	Lactobacillus	genus	Increases
0	1	Escherichia coli O25:H16	no rank	Decreases
0	1	environmental samples	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:H34	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O16:H48	no rank	Decreases
0	1	unclassified Akkermansia	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O141:H4	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O139:H1	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O80:H26	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O158:H23	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O84:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K1:H4	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K1:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78:H51	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O18ac:H14	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O85:H1	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O7:H15	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O68:H12	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O55:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O15:H12	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O170:H18	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O155:H21	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O19:H7	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K1:H5	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O20:H12	no rank	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O121	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O155	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O177	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O26	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O3	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O5	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O86	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O91	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O43	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O119	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145	serogroup	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O1:HNT	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O10:K5(L):H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O104:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O112ac:H19	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O114:H49	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O118:H16	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O121:H7	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O123:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O127:H27	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O127:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O128:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O128ac:H12	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O146:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O153:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O156:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:H43	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O165:H25	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O174:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O174:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O174:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O176:H45	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O177:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O26:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O28ac:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O29:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O32:H37	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O6:H16:CFA/II	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O69:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78:H12	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O79:H7	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O81:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O86:H34	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O91:H14	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O91:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli ONT:H33	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O100:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O121:H19	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:H7	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O16:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O89m:H9	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:H-	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O113:H21	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli H20	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O150:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O111:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O112ab:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O99:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O26:H11	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O145:H28	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O126:H45	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:H6	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O7:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O1:H42	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O25:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O25:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O7:K1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O125ac:K+:H10	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O6:K2:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O152:H23	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O15:H18	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O39:NM	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O44:H18	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O2:K2:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O8:H8	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O89m:H10	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O10:H32	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O6:H16	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O157:H-	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O45:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O103:H2	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O167:H26	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O104:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O83:H1	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O9:H10	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O78:H4	serotype	Decreases
0	1	Escherichia coli O139:H28	serotype	Decreases
1	0	Odoribacter splanchnicus	species	Decreases
1	0	Akkermansia muciniphila	species	Decreases
0	1	Akkermansia massiliensis	species	Decreases
0	1	Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium	species	Decreases
1	0	Escherichia coli	species	Decreases
1	0	Ruminococcus bromii	species	Decreases
1	0	Streptococcus salivarius	species	Decreases
1	0	Enterocloster bolteae	species	Decreases
0	1	Akkermansia glycaniphila	species	Decreases
1	0	Lactobacillus johnsonii	species	Increases
0	1	Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785	strain	Increases
0	1	Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200	strain	Increases
0	1	Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2	strain	Increases
0	1	Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533	strain	Increases

Impact of topiramate,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition	Positive Impact	Negative Impact	Benefit Ratio Impact
Acne	0.3		0.3
ADHD	1.2		1.2
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)	1.2	0.6	1
Allergies	1.5	1.2	0.25
Allergy to milk products	0.7	0.6	0.17
Alzheimer's disease	2.3	1.8	0.28
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron	1.4	1	0.4
Ankylosing spondylitis	1.4	0.3	3.67
Anorexia Nervosa	0.6	0.9	-0.5
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)	0.4		0.4
Asthma	1	1.1	-0.1
Atherosclerosis	0.4	1.1	-1.75
Atrial fibrillation	0.6	0.9	-0.5
Autism	2.3	2.4	-0.04
Autoimmune Disease	1.8		1.8
Barrett esophagus cancer		0.3	-0.3
benign prostatic hyperplasia	0.6		0.6
Biofilm	0.4		0.4
Bipolar Disorder	0.9	0.3	2
Brain Trauma	0.6	0.3	1
Breast Cancer	0.1	0.3	-2
Cancer (General)	0.3		0.3
Carcinoma	1.5	0.9	0.67
Celiac Disease	1	1.1	-0.1
Cerebral Palsy	0.5	0.3	0.67
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	1.1	1.3	-0.18
Chronic Kidney Disease	0.9	0.2	3.5
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	0.4	0.6	-0.5
Chronic Urticaria (Hives)	1	0.3	2.33
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria	1	0.6	0.67
Cognitive Function	0.9	0.9	0
Colorectal Cancer	3	0.9	2.33
Constipation	1.3		1.3
Coronary artery disease	1.6	0.3	4.33
COVID-19	2.2	2.2	0
Crohn's Disease	2	1.4	0.43
cystic fibrosis	0.7		0.7
d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog)	0.1	0.6	-5
deep vein thrombosis	1.2	0.6	1
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts	0.6		0.6
Depression	2.7	2.6	0.04
Dermatomyositis	0.3		0.3
Eczema	0.9	0.4	1.25
Endometriosis	1.3	1	0.3
Eosinophilic Esophagitis		0.3	-0.3
Epilepsy	1.4	0.5	1.8
erectile dysfunction	0.6		0.6
Fibromyalgia	0.3	0.3	0
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation	1.9	0.3	5.33
gallstone disease (gsd)	1.3	0.2	5.5
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus		0.3	-0.3
Generalized anxiety disorder	1.1	0.5	1.2
Glioblastoma		0.3	-0.3
Gout	0.8	0.5	0.6
Graves' disease	0.6	0.9	-0.5
Gulf War Syndrome	0.3	0.5	-0.67
Halitosis	0.3	0.3	0
Hashimoto's thyroiditis	0.8	0.2	3
Heart Failure	1.6	0.8	1
Hidradenitis Suppurativa	0.3		0.3
High Histamine/low DAO	0.1	0.6	-5
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol)	0.4	0.3	0.33
hyperglycemia	1.6	0.5	2.2
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats)	1.1		1.1
hypertension (High Blood Pressure	2	1.3	0.54
Hypothyroidism	0.2		0.2
Hypoxia	1.1	0.3	2.67
IgA nephropathy (IgAN)	0.9		0.9
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	1.5	1.9	-0.27
Insomnia	0.7	1.4	-1
Intelligence	0.1		0.1
Intracranial aneurysms	0.6		0.6
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	2.1	1.4	0.5
ischemic stroke	0.9	0.9	0
Liver Cirrhosis	2.1	2.1	0
Long COVID	1.7	1.1	0.55
Lung Cancer	0.6	0.7	-0.17
Lymphoma	0.6		0.6
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis	0.9	0.3	2
ME/CFS with IBS	0.3		0.3
ME/CFS without IBS	0.3		0.3
membranous nephropathy	0.3		0.3
Menopause	0.6	0.2	2
Metabolic Syndrome	2	1.7	0.18
Mood Disorders	2.9	2	0.45
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS]	0.5	0.3	0.67
Multiple Sclerosis	2.1	0.9	1.33
Multiple system atrophy (MSA)	0.5	0.6	-0.2
myasthenia gravis	0.9		0.9
neuropathic pain		0.9	-0.9
Neuropathy (all types)	0.5	1.6	-2.2
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS)	0.7		0.7
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic	1.9	1.4	0.36
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity	0.6		0.6
Obesity	3.7	2.4	0.54
obsessive-compulsive disorder	1.3	0.9	0.44
Osteoarthritis	0.9	0.8	0.13
Osteoporosis	1.2	0.9	0.33
pancreatic cancer	1.2	0.3	3
Parkinson's Disease	2.8	1.5	0.87
Polycystic ovary syndrome	1.5	1.4	0.07
primary biliary cholangitis	0.3	0.6	-1
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	0.3	0.6	-1
Psoriasis	0.9	0.6	0.5
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA)	1.7	0.6	1.83
Rosacea	0.6		0.6
Schizophrenia	2.1	0.8	1.63
scoliosis	0.1	0.3	-2
Sjögren syndrome	1.2		1.2
Sleep Apnea	0.3	0.3	0
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis	0.7		0.7
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)	0.4	0.3	0.33
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder	0.3	0.6	-1
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	2.1	0.9	1.33
Tic Disorder	0.9		0.9
Tourette syndrome	0.8		0.8
Type 1 Diabetes	1.8	0.9	1
Type 2 Diabetes	2.1	1.5	0.4
Ulcerative colitis	1.9	2	-0.05
Unhealthy Ageing	0.6	0.8	-0.33
Vitiligo	0.6	0.2	2

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