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Antiarrhythmic Effects: Mexiletine belongs to the class of medications known as antiarrhythmics. It works by blocking sodium channels in the heart muscle, which helps stabilize the electrical activity of the heart and prevents abnormal rhythms, especially ventricular arrhythmias.
Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Mexiletine is indicated for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. These are serious and potentially life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances that originate in the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
Maintenance of Normal Heart Rhythm: By reducing abnormal electrical impulses in the heart, mexiletine helps restore and maintain a normal heart rhythm, thereby reducing the risk of cardiac complications associated with ventricular arrhythmias, such as syncope (fainting), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death.
Dosage Adjustment: The dosage of mexiletine is individualized based on factors such as the patient's age, weight, renal function, and severity of the arrhythmia. Healthcare providers may start with a low dose and gradually increase it to achieve optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing the risk of side effects.
Monitoring: Patients taking mexiletine should undergo regular monitoring of their cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess treatment response and detect any potential adverse effects, such as changes in heart rate or rhythm.
Side Effects: Common side effects of mexiletine may include gastrointestinal disturbances (such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain), dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, tremor, and blurred vision. These side effects are usually dose-related and may improve with dose adjustment or over time.
Cardiac Effects: Mexiletine may cause proarrhythmic effects, meaning it can sometimes worsen existing arrhythmias or precipitate new ones. Patients with certain underlying cardiac conditions, such as heart block or prolonged QT interval, may be at increased risk of developing proarrhythmias.
Central Nervous System Effects: Mexiletine may cause central nervous system side effects, including dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and tremor. Patients should use caution when operating machinery or performing tasks that require mental alertness until they know how the medication affects them.
Drug Interactions: Mexiletine may interact with other medications, including antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and certain antidepressants, potentially leading to additive or synergistic effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm. Healthcare providers should review the patient's medication regimen carefully to minimize the risk of drug interactions.
Contraindications: Mexiletine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug, severe heart block, cardiogenic shock, or second- or third-degree atrioventricular block without a functioning pacemaker. It should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, liver disease, or certain electrolyte imbalances.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides fragilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergies | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Asthma | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Autism | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Cognitive Function | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| COVID-19 | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Depression | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Eczema | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Gout | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Graves' disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Heart Failure | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Insomnia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Long COVID | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Obesity | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Psoriasis | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Vitiligo | 0.7 | 0.7 |
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