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Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Chlorothiazide is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive medications. It works by increasing the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys, leading to decreased fluid volume and reduced blood pressure. Chlorothiazide helps lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke, and heart failure.
Edema: Chlorothiazide is also used to treat edema associated with various medical conditions, including congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal dysfunction. By promoting diuresis (increased urine production), chlorothiazide helps reduce fluid accumulation in the body's tissues and alleviate symptoms of edema such as swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen. It may be used alone or in combination with other medications to manage fluid retention in individuals with underlying health conditions.
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Chlorothiazide may be prescribed to manage nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to impaired kidney function. By increasing urine production and reducing fluid volume in the body, chlorothiazide helps alleviate symptoms of polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst) associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. It may be used as adjunctive therapy along with dietary and lifestyle modifications.
Hypercalciuria: Chlorothiazide may be beneficial in individuals with hypercalciuria (high urinary calcium levels), a condition characterized by the excessive excretion of calcium in the urine. By promoting diuresis and increasing urinary calcium excretion, chlorothiazide helps lower urinary calcium levels and reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. It may be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to manage hypercalciuria and prevent recurrent kidney stones.
Osteoporosis: Some evidence suggests that thiazide diuretics like chlorothiazide may have beneficial effects on bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Thiazides may increase renal calcium reabsorption and reduce urinary calcium excretion, leading to improved calcium balance and preservation of bone density. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of thiazide diuretics on bone metabolism and fracture risk reduction.
Side Effects: Common side effects of chlorothiazide may include electrolyte imbalances (such as hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesemia), increased uric acid levels (hyperuricemia), dehydration, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, muscle cramps, and gastrointestinal disturbances. These side effects are usually dose-dependent and may be mitigated by adequate monitoring of electrolyte levels and hydration status. Chlorothiazide may also increase blood glucose levels and worsen glucose tolerance, particularly in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes.
Contraindications: Chlorothiazide is contraindicated in individuals with anuria (absence of urine production), severe renal impairment, electrolyte imbalances, or hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived medications. It should be used with caution in elderly patients, those with cardiovascular disease, electrolyte abnormalities, or impaired renal function, and pregnant or breastfeeding women. Chlorothiazide may interact with other medications, including lithium, digoxin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain antidiabetic agents, so it is important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications being taken.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergies | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Asthma | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Autism | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Cognitive Function | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| COVID-19 | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
| Depression | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Epilepsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Gout | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Graves' disease | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Heart Failure | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.3 | 1.2 | -3 |
| Insomnia | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Long COVID | 0.3 | 1.2 | -3 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Obesity | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.3 | 1.2 | -3 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Vitiligo | 0.6 | 0.6 |
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