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🍽️ tacrine hydrochloride,(prescription)

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  1. Alzheimer's Disease: Tacrine was one of the first drugs approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, meaning it increases the levels of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and cognition, by inhibiting its breakdown. By doing so, tacrine helps to improve cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and behavior, in some individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

  2. Cognitive Function: Tacrine's primary mechanism of action involves increasing the availability of acetylcholine in the brain, which can enhance cognitive function. It may improve memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities to some extent in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

  3. Symptomatic Relief: While tacrine does not cure Alzheimer's disease, it may provide symptomatic relief and slow down the progression of cognitive decline in some patients. However, its efficacy varies among individuals, and not all patients may experience significant benefits.

  4. Side Effects: Tacrine use may be associated with several side effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), liver toxicity (elevated liver enzymes), muscle weakness, dizziness, insomnia, and urinary incontinence. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential during tacrine therapy due to the risk of hepatotoxicity.

  5. Drug Interactions: Tacrine has significant interactions with other medications, particularly those metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. Co-administration with certain drugs, such as fluvoxamine, cimetidine, and some antibiotics, may increase tacrine levels and the risk of adverse effects.

  6. Limited Use: Tacrine is less commonly prescribed today due to its side effect profile, especially hepatotoxicity, and the availability of newer acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with improved safety profiles, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. However, it remains an option for some patients who do not respond to or tolerate other Alzheimer's medications.

  7. Research: While tacrine paved the way for the development of other Alzheimer's treatments, ongoing research continues to explore novel therapeutic strategies for the disease, including disease-modifying therapies aimed at targeting underlying pathological processes such as beta-amyloid and tau protein accumulation.

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⚗️ Compensation for antibiotic usage

Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of tacrine hydrochloride,(prescription) On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
species Escherichia coli Reduces
species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Reduces

Bacteria Impacted by tacrine hydrochloride,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

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📓 Direct Citations 👪👶 Indirect Citations Taxonomy Rank Effect
0 1 Escherichia genus Decreases
0 1 Bacteroides genus Decreases
0 1 Bilophila genus Decreases
0 1 Coprococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Phocaeicola genus Decreases
0 1 Streptococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Lacticaseibacillus genus Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:H16 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H34 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O16:H48 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O141:H4 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O139:H1 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O80:H26 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O158:H23 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O84:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H4 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H51 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O18ac:H14 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O85:H1 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:H15 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O68:H12 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O55:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O15:H12 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O170:H18 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O155:H21 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O19:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H5 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O20:H12 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O155 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O177 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O3 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O5 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O86 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O43 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O119 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:HNT serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O10:K5(L):H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O104:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O112ac:H19 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O114:H49 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O118:H16 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121:H7 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O123:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O127:H27 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O127:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O128:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O128ac:H12 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O146:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O153:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O156:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H43 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O165:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O176:H45 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O177:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O28ac:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O29:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O32:H37 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:H16:CFA/II serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O69:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H12 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O79:H7 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O81:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O86:H34 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91:H14 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli ONT:H33 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O100:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121:H19 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H7 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O16:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O89m:H9 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H- serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O113:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli H20 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O150:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O112ab:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O99:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H28 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O126:H45 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:H42 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:K1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O125ac:K+:H10 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:K2:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O152:H23 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O15:H18 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O39:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O44:H18 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K2:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O8:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O89m:H10 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O10:H32 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:H16 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H- serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O45:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O167:H26 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O104:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O83:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O9:H10 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O139:H28 serotype Decreases
1 0 Phocaeicola vulgatus species Decreases
1 0 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei species Decreases
1 0 Streptococcus salivarius species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides xylanisolvens species Decreases
1 0 Escherichia coli species Decreases
1 0 Bilophila wadsworthia species Decreases
1 0 Coprococcus comes species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides fragilis species Decreases
1 0 Streptococcus parasanguinis species Decreases
0 1 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei subspecies Decreases
0 1 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans subspecies Decreases

Impact of tacrine hydrochloride,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 0.5 0.5
Acne 0.6 0.6
ADHD 0.3 0.3 0
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 1.2 0.7 0.71
Allergies 1.1 0.3 2.67
Allergy to milk products 0.9 0.9 0
Alzheimer's disease 1.3 2 -0.54
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 1 0.4 1.5
Ankylosing spondylitis 1.5 0.3 4
Anorexia Nervosa 0.3 0.7 -1.33
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 0.9 0.3 2
Asthma 1.7 0.6 1.83
Atherosclerosis 0.8 0.6 0.33
Atrial fibrillation 1 1.2 -0.2
Autism 2.2 2.9 -0.32
Autoimmune Disease 0.9 0.9
Barrett esophagus cancer 0.3 -0.3
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.6 0.3 1
Biofilm 0.7 0.7
Bipolar Disorder 1.2 0.3 3
Brain Trauma 0.3 0.3 0
Breast Cancer 0.7 0.7
Cancer (General) 0.6 -0.6
Carcinoma 1.5 0.3 4
Celiac Disease 1.7 0.6 1.83
Cerebral Palsy 0.6 0.3 1
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1 2.2 -1.2
Chronic Kidney Disease 0.9 0.6 0.5
Chronic Lyme 0.3 -0.3
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1.6 0.6 1.67
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 1.3 0.1 12
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 1.3 0.3 3.33
Cognitive Function 0.6 0.3 1
Colorectal Cancer 3.3 0.9 2.67
Constipation 1.5 1.5
Coronary artery disease 1.3 0.7 0.86
COVID-19 2.4 2.3 0.04
Crohn's Disease 2.9 0.7 3.14
Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) 0.9 -0.9
cystic fibrosis 1 0.3 2.33
d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) 0.4 0.4
deep vein thrombosis 1.4 0.6 1.33
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts 0.9 0.9
Depression 3.6 2.4 0.5
Dermatomyositis 0.3 0.3
Eczema 0.9 1 -0.11
Endometriosis 1.8 0.7 1.57
Eosinophilic Esophagitis 0.3 -0.3
Epilepsy 1.7 0.3 4.67
erectile dysfunction 0.9 0.9
Fibromyalgia 0.6 -0.6
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 2.6 0.7 2.71
gallstone disease (gsd) 1.1 1.1
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 0.8 0.3 1.67
Generalized anxiety disorder 1.8 0.9 1
Glioblastoma 0.3 -0.3
Gout 1.3 0.3 3.33
Graves' disease 0.3 0.9 -2
Gulf War Syndrome 0.6 0.4 0.5
Halitosis 0.6 0.3 1
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 0.4 0.6 -0.5
Heart Failure 1.8 1.8
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 0.9 0.9
High Histamine/low DAO 0.4 0.4
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.4 0.4
hyperglycemia 1.6 0.3 4.33
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) 0.3 0.3
hypersomnia 0.3 -0.3
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 1.2 1.5 -0.25
Hypothyroidism 0.3 -0.3
Hypoxia 1.3 1.3
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 0.6 0.2 2
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 3.2 1.7 0.88
Insomnia 1.5 0.6 1.5
Intelligence 0.9 0.9
Intracranial aneurysms 0.3 0.3 0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1.9 1.5 0.27
ischemic stroke 0.9 0.9 0
Liver Cirrhosis 2.9 1.5 0.93
Long COVID 2.4 1.1 1.18
Low bone mineral density 0.3 -0.3
Lung Cancer 0.9 0.9
Lymphoma 0.6 0.6
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 0.9 0.3 2
ME/CFS with IBS 0.3 0.6 -1
ME/CFS without IBS 0.3 0.3 0
membranous nephropathy 0.3 0.3
Menopause 0.3 0.3
Metabolic Syndrome 2.6 1.9 0.37
Mood Disorders 2.6 2.4 0.08
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.9 0.9
Multiple Sclerosis 2.5 1 1.5
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 0.1 0.1
myasthenia gravis 0.9 0.9
neuropathic pain 0.3 -0.3
Neuropathy (all types) 0.3 0.6 -1
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) 0.7 0.7
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 1.5 0.6 1.5
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 0.3 0.3 0
Obesity 2.1 2.2 -0.05
obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.3 0.9 1.56
Osteoarthritis 1.2 0.6 1
Osteoporosis 0.9 0.6 0.5
pancreatic cancer 0.9 0.6 0.5
Parkinson's Disease 2.9 1.6 0.81
Polycystic ovary syndrome 2.2 0.9 1.44
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0.3 -0.3
primary biliary cholangitis 0.3 0.3 0
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 0.6 0.3 1
Psoriasis 0.8 0.6 0.33
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 1.7 0.7 1.43
Schizophrenia 1.7 0.6 1.83
scoliosis 0.7 0.3 1.33
Sjögren syndrome 0.9 0.3 2
Sleep Apnea 0.3 0.6 -1
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 0.7 0.7
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 1.2 1.2
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 0.7 0.6 0.17
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1.9 1.9
Tic Disorder 0.9 0.9
Tourette syndrome 0.3 0.3 0
Type 1 Diabetes 2.5 1.2 1.08
Type 2 Diabetes 3.2 2.3 0.39
Ulcerative colitis 2.3 1.9 0.21
Unhealthy Ageing 1.9 0.3 5.33
Vitiligo 0.7 0.3 1.33

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