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🍽️ procainamide hydrochloride,(prescription)

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  1. Antiarrhythmic Effect: Procainamide hydrochloride belongs to the class of antiarrhythmic drugs known as Class Ia antiarrhythmics. It works by blocking sodium channels in cardiac cells, thereby slowing the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart muscle and stabilizing abnormal heart rhythms.

  2. Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Procainamide hydrochloride is commonly prescribed to treat ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). It helps restore normal heart rhythm and prevent the recurrence of arrhythmic episodes.

  3. Suppression of Atrial Arrhythmias: In addition to ventricular arrhythmias, procainamide hydrochloride may also be used to suppress certain atrial arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, particularly when other antiarrhythmic medications are ineffective or contraindicated.

  4. Administration: Procainamide hydrochloride is typically administered orally in the form of tablets or intravenously (IV) as a solution for rapid onset of action in emergency situations. The dosage and route of administration depend on the specific indication, the patient's condition, and other factors.

  5. Monitoring: While procainamide hydrochloride can be effective in controlling arrhythmias, its use requires close monitoring of the patient's cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, and electrolyte levels. Regular electrocardiograms (ECGs) and clinical assessments are essential to evaluate the drug's efficacy and detect any adverse effects.

  6. Adverse Effects: Procainamide hydrochloride may cause various adverse effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can also lead to dizziness, headache, fatigue, and visual disturbances. In some cases, procainamide may cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE), a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by symptoms such as joint pain, fever, and skin rash.

  7. Proarrhythmic Effects: Like other antiarrhythmic medications, procainamide hydrochloride may paradoxically worsen certain arrhythmias or precipitate the development of new arrhythmias, particularly in patients with underlying heart disease. Close monitoring for signs of proarrhythmia is necessary during treatment.

  8. Contraindications: Procainamide hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to procainamide or related drugs, severe heart block, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, as dosage adjustments may be necessary to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity.

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⚗️ Compensation for antibiotic usage

Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of procainamide hydrochloride,(prescription) On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
genus Bifidobacterium Reduces
species Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reduces
species Bifidobacterium longum Reduces
species Escherichia coli Reduces
subspecies Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Reduces
subspecies Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Reduces

Bacteria Impacted by procainamide hydrochloride,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

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📓 Direct Citations 👪👶 Indirect Citations Taxonomy Rank Effect
0 1 Escherichia genus Decreases
0 1 Roseburia genus Decreases
0 1 Ruminococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Bacteroides genus Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium genus Decreases
0 1 Coprococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Mediterraneibacter genus Decreases
0 1 Streptococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Veillonella genus Decreases
0 1 Clostridium genus Decreases
0 1 Enterocloster genus Decreases
0 1 Thomasclavelia genus Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:H16 no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens A no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens C no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens CPE no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H34 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O16:H48 no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens D no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O141:H4 no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens B no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O139:H1 no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens E no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O80:H26 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O158:H23 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O84:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H4 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H51 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O18ac:H14 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O85:H1 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:H15 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O68:H12 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O55:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O15:H12 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O170:H18 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O155:H21 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O19:H7 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H5 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O20:H12 no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O155 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O177 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O3 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O5 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O86 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O43 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O119 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145 serogroup Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:HNT serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O10:K5(L):H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O104:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O112ac:H19 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O114:H49 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O118:H16 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121:H7 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O123:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O127:H27 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O127:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O128:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O128ac:H12 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O146:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O153:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O156:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H43 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O165:H25 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O176:H45 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O177:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O28ac:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O29:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O32:H37 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:H16:CFA/II serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O69:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H12 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O79:H7 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O81:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O86:H34 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91:H14 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli ONT:H33 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O100:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121:H19 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H7 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O16:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O89m:H9 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H- serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O113:H21 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli H20 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O150:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O112ab:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O99:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26:H11 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H28 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O126:H45 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:H6 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:H42 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:K1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O125ac:K+:H10 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:K2:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O152:H23 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O15:H18 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O39:NM serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O44:H18 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K2:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O8:H8 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O89m:H10 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O10:H32 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:H16 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H- serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O45:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H2 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O167:H26 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O104:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O83:H1 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O9:H10 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H4 serotype Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O139:H28 serotype Decreases
1 0 Ruminococcus bromii species Decreases
1 0 Escherichia coli species Decreases
1 0 Veillonella parvula species Decreases
1 0 Mediterraneibacter gnavus species Decreases
1 0 Bifidobacterium longum species Decreases
1 0 Enterocloster bolteae species Decreases
1 0 Streptococcus salivarius species Decreases
1 0 Thomasclavelia ramosa species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides caccae species Decreases
1 0 Coprococcus comes species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides xylanisolvens species Decreases
1 0 Roseburia hominis species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides ovatus species Decreases
1 0 Bifidobacterium adolescentis species Decreases
1 0 Clostridium perfringens species Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum subspecies Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis subspecies Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis subspecies Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum subspecies Decreases

Impact of procainamide hydrochloride,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Acne 0.6 0.3 1
ADHD 2.1 0.6 2.5
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma 0.5 0.5
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 1.9 1.2 0.58
Allergies 2.4 1.8 0.33
Allergy to milk products 1.4 1.2 0.17
Alzheimer's disease 1.8 3.4 -0.89
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 1.2 0.6 1
Ankylosing spondylitis 2 0.8 1.5
Anorexia Nervosa 1.1 1.6 -0.45
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 0.6 0.6
Asthma 2.6 1.8 0.44
Atherosclerosis 1.2 0.7 0.71
Atrial fibrillation 1.7 1.2 0.42
Autism 3.6 3.7 -0.03
Autoimmune Disease 1.2 1 0.2
Barrett esophagus cancer 0.3 0.3 0
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.6 0.3 1
Biofilm 1.1 1.1
Bipolar Disorder 1.4 1.4 0
Brain Trauma 0.6 1.4 -1.33
Breast Cancer 0.3 0.3
Cancer (General) 0.3 0.9 -2
Carcinoma 1.8 0.9 1
Celiac Disease 1.2 1.4 -0.17
Cerebral Palsy 1.4 1.1 0.27
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 3.2 1.9 0.68
Chronic Kidney Disease 1.6 0.8 1
Chronic Lyme 0.8 -0.8
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1.3 1.4 -0.08
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 1.7 1.7
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 1.2 1.1 0.09
Cognitive Function 1.7 1.3 0.31
Colorectal Cancer 3.3 1.6 1.06
Constipation 1.2 0.5 1.4
Coronary artery disease 1.7 1.4 0.21
COVID-19 3.1 3.6 -0.16
Crohn's Disease 3.6 1.7 1.12
Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) 0.3 -0.3
cystic fibrosis 0.9 1.2 -0.33
d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) 0.3 0.3
deep vein thrombosis 2 1.4 0.43
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts 0.7 0.7
Depression 3.8 3.5 0.09
Dermatomyositis 0.3 0.3 0
Eczema 1.6 1 0.6
Endometriosis 2 1.7 0.18
Eosinophilic Esophagitis 0.6 -0.6
Epilepsy 1.8 0.6 2
erectile dysfunction 1.5 0.3 4
Fibromyalgia 1.2 0.9 0.33
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 2.9 2.1 0.38
gallstone disease (gsd) 1.9 0.8 1.37
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 0.3 0.3 0
Generalized anxiety disorder 2 2.1 -0.05
giant cell arteritis 0.2 -0.2
Glioblastoma 0.3 -0.3
Gout 1.2 0.8 0.5
Graves' disease 1.2 2.3 -0.92
Gulf War Syndrome 0.8 0.3 1.67
Halitosis 0.9 0.3 2
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1.7 0.6 1.83
Heart Failure 2.5 1.1 1.27
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 0.6 0.3 1
High Histamine/low DAO 1.1 0.6 0.83
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.5 0.5
hyperglycemia 1.3 0.6 1.17
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) 0.3 0.3
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 1.8 2.4 -0.33
Hypothyroidism 0.6 -0.6
Hypoxia 1.7 0.3 4.67
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 0.9 1.9 -1.11
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 3.2 3.7 -0.16
Insomnia 1.3 1.7 -0.31
Intelligence 1.1 1.1
Intracranial aneurysms 0.6 0.3 1
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 3.8 2.6 0.46
ischemic stroke 2 1.4 0.43
Liver Cirrhosis 3.9 2.8 0.39
Long COVID 2.7 2.7 0
Low bone mineral density 0.8 -0.8
Lung Cancer 0.8 0.3 1.67
Lymphoma 0.6 0.6
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 0.9 0.9 0
ME/CFS with IBS 0.7 0.7 0
ME/CFS without IBS 0.7 0.6 0.17
membranous nephropathy 0.3 0.3
Menopause 0.7 0.5 0.4
Metabolic Syndrome 3.5 3.2 0.09
Mood Disorders 3.8 3.4 0.12
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.7 0.7
Multiple Sclerosis 2.1 2.3 -0.1
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 0.1 0.6 -5
myasthenia gravis 0.9 0.7 0.29
neuropathic pain 1.3 -1.3
Neuropathy (all types) 0.3 1.1 -2.67
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) 0.6 0.6
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 2.8 2 0.4
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 0.6 0.6 0
Obesity 4 3.2 0.25
obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.5 1.4 0.79
Osteoarthritis 1.8 1.2 0.5
Osteoporosis 2.2 0.6 2.67
pancreatic cancer 0.3 0.3 0
Parkinson's Disease 3.6 3.2 0.13
Polycystic ovary syndrome 3.7 2.6 0.42
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0.2 0.6 -2
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 0.3 0.3
primary biliary cholangitis 0.6 0.5 0.2
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 1.3 1 0.3
Psoriasis 1.7 1.1 0.55
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 3.7 1.9 0.95
Rosacea 0.6 0.7 -0.17
Schizophrenia 2.5 2.2 0.14
scoliosis 0.6 0.3 1
Sjögren syndrome 1.4 0.6 1.33
Sleep Apnea 0.9 1.4 -0.56
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 1.2 0.3 3
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 1.7 0.2 7.5
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 1.6 1.4 0.14
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 2.2 1.1 1
Tic Disorder 0.6 0.3 1
Tourette syndrome 0.3 0.3 0
Type 1 Diabetes 2.4 2.6 -0.08
Type 2 Diabetes 3.5 3.2 0.09
Ulcerative colitis 2.5 2.1 0.19
Unhealthy Ageing 1.6 1.1 0.45
Vitiligo 1.2 0.6 1

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