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Bronchodilation: Terbutaline is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that acts on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the airways. By stimulating these receptors, terbutaline causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. This effect helps to relieve symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness associated with asthma and COPD.
Relief of Bronchospasm: Terbutaline is effective in relieving acute bronchospasm, which is characterized by sudden constriction of the airways. It provides rapid relief of symptoms during acute asthma attacks or exacerbations of COPD.
Maintenance Therapy: In addition to providing quick relief of bronchospasm, terbutaline can also be used as a maintenance therapy to prevent or reduce the frequency of asthma symptoms. Regular use of terbutaline can help control asthma and improve lung function over time.
Route of Administration: Terbutaline is available in various formulations, including metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), nebulized solutions, and oral tablets. The choice of formulation depends on factors such as the patient's age, preference, and severity of the condition.
Side Effects: Common side effects of terbutaline may include tremor, palpitations, headache, nervousness, dizziness, and muscle cramps. These side effects are usually mild and transient, but patients should notify their healthcare provider if they become bothersome or persistent.
Cardiovascular Effects: Terbutaline can cause cardiovascular side effects such as tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), palpitations, and increases in blood pressure. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions should use terbutaline with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Hyperglycemia: Terbutaline may increase blood glucose levels, particularly in patients with diabetes. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is recommended in diabetic patients receiving terbutaline therapy.
Hypokalemia: Prolonged use of terbutaline may lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to its stimulatory effect on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle and kidneys. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and other adverse effects.
Pregnancy and Lactation: Terbutaline should be used with caution during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, as it may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It can be used during labor to relax the uterus (tocolysis) and prevent preterm labor. However, its use for this indication should be carefully monitored. Terbutaline can be excreted in breast milk, so breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before using terbutaline.
Drug Interactions: Terbutaline may interact with other medications, such as beta-blockers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and diuretics, potentially leading to additive cardiovascular effects or other adverse reactions. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1 | -1 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Autism | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| COVID-19 | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Depression | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Heart Failure | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Insomnia | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Long COVID | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Obesity | 0.3 | 1.3 | -3.33 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.7 | 1.6 | -1.29 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Vitiligo | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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