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Antiemetic Action: Alizapride hydrochloride is classified as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist with antiemetic properties. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing nausea and vomiting.
Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting: Alizapride hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with various conditions, including gastroenteritis, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and motion sickness.
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Alizapride hydrochloride may also be used in the management of certain gastrointestinal disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or gastroparesis, where nausea and vomiting are prominent symptoms.
Prokinetic Effects: In addition to its antiemetic properties, alizapride hydrochloride has prokinetic effects on the gastrointestinal tract. It enhances gastric emptying and intestinal motility, which can be beneficial in the management of gastroparesis or functional dyspepsia.
Mechanism of Action: Alizapride exerts its pharmacological effects by antagonizing dopamine D2 receptors in the CTZ and peripheral nervous system. By blocking dopamine receptors, alizapride inhibits the transmission of nausea and vomiting signals and promotes gastric emptying and motility.
Side Effects: Common side effects of alizapride hydrochloride may include drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, constipation, and extrapyramidal symptoms (such as tremor, rigidity, or dystonia). These side effects are usually mild and transient and may resolve with continued use or dose adjustments.
Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Alizapride hydrochloride, like other dopamine receptor antagonists, may cause extrapyramidal symptoms, particularly at higher doses or in susceptible individuals. Patients should be monitored for signs of extrapyramidal side effects, and dosage adjustments may be necessary to minimize their occurrence.
Cardiac Effects: Alizapride hydrochloride may prolong the QT interval on electrocardiogram (ECG), potentially leading to arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. It should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions or those taking other medications known to prolong the QT interval.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Alizapride hydrochloride may rarely cause hypersensitivity reactions, including skin rash, pruritus, or anaphylaxis. Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to alizapride or other dopamine receptor antagonists should not use this medication.
Contraindications: Alizapride hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components, as well as those with pheochromocytoma (a rare adrenal gland tumor) or a history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Allergies | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Asthma | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Autism | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Depression | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Heart Failure | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.8 | 1.5 | -0.88 |
| Long COVID | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Obesity | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.07 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Vitiligo | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
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