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Antihistamine Effect: Pheniramine maleate works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance produced by the body during allergic reactions. By inhibiting histamine receptors, it reduces the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic conjunctivitis, and other allergic conditions.
Relief of Allergic Symptoms: Pheniramine maleate can alleviate symptoms such as sneezing, itching (including itching of the eyes, nose, and throat), watery eyes, and runny nose caused by allergic reactions to pollen, dust, animal dander, and other allergens.
Sedation: Pheniramine maleate has sedative effects and may cause drowsiness or dizziness, particularly in some individuals. As a result, it is often included in nighttime or nighttime formulations of cold and allergy medications to help promote sleep.
Treatment of Cough: Pheniramine maleate is sometimes included in cough syrups or cold medications to help relieve cough associated with allergic rhinitis or upper respiratory tract infections. It may help reduce the frequency and severity of coughing episodes.
Combination Formulations: Pheniramine maleate is commonly found in combination products with other medications, such as decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine), analgesics (e.g., paracetamol), and/or antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen), to provide comprehensive relief from cold and allergy symptoms.
Side Effects: Common side effects of pheniramine maleate may include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. These side effects are usually mild and transient but may be more pronounced in some individuals.
Central Nervous System Effects: Pheniramine maleate can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, leading to central nervous system effects such as sedation, drowsiness, and impaired cognitive function. Patients should avoid activities that require mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until they know how the medication affects them.
Interaction with Alcohol: Concurrent use of pheniramine maleate with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants may enhance sedative effects and increase the risk of drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Patients should avoid alcohol while taking pheniramine maleate.
Precautions: Pheniramine maleate should be used with caution in elderly patients, patients with liver or kidney impairment, and those with urinary retention or narrow-angle glaucoma. Dosage adjustments may be necessary in these populations to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of pheniramine maleate use during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been well established. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before using this medication.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Anaerobutyricum hallii | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Christensenella minuta | Reduces |
| species | Lactococcus lactis | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parolsenella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Odoribacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridioides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens A | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens B | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens C | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens CPE | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens D | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens E | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides caccae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides luhongzhouii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Odoribacter splanchnicus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides sp. DH3716P | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides faecium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridium perfringens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides caecimuris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces naeslundii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parolsenella massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parolsenella catena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella stercoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides ovatus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum hallii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter oboediens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus catus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Olsenella sp. oral taxon 807 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. C1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia sp. SC05B48 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides sp. D2 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fannyhessea vaginae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea longicatena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces sp. oral taxon 171 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phoenicibacter congonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia hejianensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia equolifaciens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides sp. M10 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus albus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces sp. oral taxon 169 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacillus paralicheniformis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia liquoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalitalea cylindroides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Qiania dongpingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella guodeyinii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. M62/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum variabile | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus ruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. SY8519 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacillus intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinibaculum porci | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces oris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium ventriosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia hattorii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lactococcus lactis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parafannyhessea umbonata | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Rothia dentocariosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bovis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Maliibacterium massiliense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus mutans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium duncaniae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Marvinbryantia formatexigens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Massilistercora timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wujia chipingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Longicatena caecimuris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. MSJ-33 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerostipes hadrus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia rectibacter | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium cadaveris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoclostridium phocaeense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Christensenella minuta | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Arabiibacter massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Corynebacterium durum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella rodentium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dysosmobacter welbionis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Sellimonas intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus suis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus eutactus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bicirculans (ex Wegman et al. 2014) | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Campylobacter coli | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Clostridium] hylemonae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibaculum rodentium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium mitsuokai | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Alistipes ihumii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | uncultured Alistipes sp. | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyricimonas virosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] lactaris | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridioides difficile | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| ADHD | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
| Allergies | 3 | 0.9 | 2.33 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.2 | 0.1 | 11 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.2 | 3.1 | -0.41 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.63 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Asthma | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.9 | 1 | -0.11 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| Autism | 3.8 | 3.1 | 0.23 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| Carcinoma | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.7 | 1.6 | -1.29 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.1 | 2.8 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Cognitive Function | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.36 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.8 | 1.4 | -0.75 |
| COVID-19 | 4.8 | 5.6 | -0.17 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0.39 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.4 | -1.4 | |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Depression | 4.7 | 3.9 | 0.21 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Eczema | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Endometriosis | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.27 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.5 | 2.4 | -0.6 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 0.9 | -8 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 1.4 | 0.2 | 6 |
| Graves' disease | 1.2 | 1.6 | -0.33 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Halitosis | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.43 |
| Heart Failure | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 1.1 | -4.5 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.8 | 2.5 | -0.39 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Hypoxia | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.8 | 1.7 | -1.13 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 3.8 | 4.6 | -0.21 |
| Insomnia | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Intelligence | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 3 | 2 | 0.5 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.33 |
| Long COVID | 3.9 | 4 | -0.03 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.2 | 1.7 | -7.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.1 | 1.3 | -0.18 |
| Menopause | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 3.7 | 3.3 | 0.12 |
| Mood Disorders | 5 | 3.2 | 0.56 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.5 | 2.7 | -0.08 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.2 | 2 | -9 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 2.5 | 2.7 | -0.08 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
| Obesity | 5.2 | 3.6 | 0.44 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.8 |
| Osteoporosis | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 4.2 | 2.8 | 0.5 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3 | 1.4 | 1.14 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1 | 2.5 | -1.5 |
| Psoriasis | 1.4 | 1.6 | -0.14 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.79 |
| Rosacea | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Schizophrenia | 3.1 | 1.7 | 0.82 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.1 | 1.3 | -0.18 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.75 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.2 | 1.9 | -0.58 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.1 | 1.6 | -0.45 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.86 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2.1 | 2.5 | -0.19 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Vitiligo | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
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