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Gout Treatment: Probenecid is commonly used as a first-line treatment for gout, a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. By increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine, probenecid helps lower uric acid levels in the blood, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of gout attacks.
Hyperuricemia: In addition to gout, probenecid may be prescribed to individuals with hyperuricemia (elevated levels of uric acid in the blood) who are at risk of developing gout or uric acid kidney stones. By promoting the excretion of uric acid, probenecid helps prevent the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints and kidneys.
Uric Acid Nephropathy: Probenecid may also be used in the management of uric acid nephropathy, a condition characterized by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney damage and impaired kidney function. By increasing uric acid excretion, probenecid helps reduce the risk of kidney stone formation and progression of kidney disease.
Chronic Gout Management: In individuals with chronic or recurrent gout, probenecid may be prescribed as a long-term maintenance therapy to prevent gout attacks and minimize the risk of joint damage and complications associated with untreated gout.
Combination Therapy: Probenecid is sometimes used in combination with other medications for gout treatment, such as urate-lowering agents like allopurinol or febuxostat. Combination therapy may be necessary for individuals who do not respond adequately to monotherapy or who have contraindications to certain medications.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of probenecid may include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Additionally, probenecid may increase the risk of kidney stones, especially in individuals with a history of kidney stones or kidney disease. Rare but serious adverse effects may include hypersensitivity reactions, blood disorders, and liver dysfunction.
Drug Interactions: Probenecid may interact with other medications, including antibiotics, antiviral drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain medications used to treat high blood pressure or heart failure. It is important for healthcare providers to assess potential drug interactions and adjust dosages accordingly when prescribing probenecid.
Monitoring: Individuals taking probenecid may require regular monitoring of uric acid levels, kidney function tests, and other relevant parameters to assess treatment efficacy and detect any adverse effects or complications.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mageeibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Oscillibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wujia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinimonas | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Simiaoa | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Monoglobus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergies | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Autism | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Carcinoma | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Cognitive Function | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| COVID-19 | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Depression | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Heart Failure | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Insomnia | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Intelligence | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Long COVID | 1.3 | -1.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Obesity | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Vitiligo | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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