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Parkinson's Disease: Selegiline hydrochloride is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor that helps alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. By inhibiting the activity of MAO-B, selegiline increases the levels of dopamine in the brain, thereby improving motor function and reducing symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Depression: In addition to its use in Parkinson's disease, selegiline hydrochloride is sometimes prescribed off-label for the treatment of depression, particularly in cases where standard antidepressant medications have been ineffective. It is believed that selegiline's ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain may contribute to its antidepressant effects. However, its use for depression is less common compared to its use in Parkinson's disease.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition: Selegiline hydrochloride selectively inhibits the activity of MAO-B, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of dopamine in the brain. By inhibiting MAO-B, selegiline prevents the degradation of dopamine, leading to increased dopamine levels in the brain. This, in turn, helps improve motor function in Parkinson's disease and may contribute to its antidepressant effects in depression.
Adjunctive Therapy: Selegiline hydrochloride is often used as an adjunctive therapy alongside other medications for Parkinson's disease, such as levodopa/carbidopa or dopamine agonists. It may help enhance the efficacy of these medications and reduce motor fluctuations in advanced stages of the disease.
Neuroprotective Effects: Some studies suggest that selegiline hydrochloride may have neuroprotective properties, potentially slowing the progression of Parkinson's disease and protecting dopaminergic neurons from damage. However, further research is needed to confirm these effects definitively.
Dosage and Administration: Selegiline hydrochloride is typically taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules. The dosage and administration schedule may vary depending on the individual's condition, severity of symptoms, and response to treatment. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider's instructions carefully and not to exceed the prescribed dosage.
Side Effects: Common side effects of selegiline hydrochloride may include insomnia, nausea, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, and gastrointestinal upset. In some cases, it may cause more serious side effects such as hypertensive crisis (especially when combined with certain medications or foods high in tyramine), hallucinations, confusion, or serotonin syndrome (when used concomitantly with serotonergic medications). Patients should report any adverse reactions to their healthcare provider promptly.
Interactions: Selegiline hydrochloride has the potential to interact with other medications, particularly antidepressants (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants) and medications containing sympathomimetic agents. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking before starting treatment with selegiline hydrochloride.
Monitoring: Patients taking selegiline hydrochloride may require periodic monitoring of blood pressure, especially during dose adjustments or when initiating treatment. Healthcare providers may also monitor for signs of serotonin syndrome or other adverse reactions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides merdae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Acne | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| ADHD | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Allergies | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Autism | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Celiac Disease | 1 | -1 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Depression | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.75 |
| Endometriosis | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Epilepsy | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| erectile dysfunction | 0 | 0 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.7 | 1.6 | -1.29 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Heart Failure | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.5 | 1.4 | -1.8 |
| Insomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Long COVID | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Obesity | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Rosacea | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| scoliosis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.5 | 1.3 | -1.6 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Vitiligo | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
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