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Reduced Saliva Production: Glycopyrrolate is commonly prescribed to reduce saliva production, particularly in conditions where excessive saliva production is a problem, such as in patients with certain neurological disorders or those undergoing surgery.
Treatment of Excessive Sweating: Glycopyrrolate may also be used to treat hyperhidrosis, a condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond what is necessary to regulate body temperature. It works by reducing sweat gland activity.
Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Glycopyrrolate can be used to treat gastrointestinal conditions such as peptic ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by reducing gastrointestinal secretions and motility.
Control of Respiratory Secretions: In palliative care and end-of-life situations, glycopyrrolate may be administered to control excessive respiratory secretions, which can cause discomfort and difficulty breathing.
Preoperative Medication: Glycopyrrolate may be used as preoperative medication to reduce saliva and respiratory secretions, minimize the risk of aspiration during surgery, and facilitate intubation.
Muscarinic Antagonist: Glycopyrrolate is a muscarinic antagonist that blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, leading to reduced glandular secretions and smooth muscle contractions.
Side Effects: Common side effects of glycopyrrolate include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and cognitive issues such as confusion or memory impairment. These side effects are related to its anticholinergic activity.
Contraindications: Glycopyrrolate is contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions such as narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive urinary disorders, severe ulcerative colitis, and myasthenia gravis.
Drug Interactions: Glycopyrrolate may interact with other medications, particularly those with anticholinergic effects or drugs that affect heart rate or rhythm. It's essential for patients to inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Dosage and Administration: The dosage of glycopyrrolate depends on the condition being treated, the patient's age, weight, and medical history. It is available in various formulations, including oral tablets, oral solution, and injectable solution.
Patient Monitoring: Patients receiving glycopyrrolate should be monitored regularly for side effects and therapeutic efficacy. Adjustments to the dosage may be necessary based on the patient's response to treatment and any adverse reactions experienced.
Patient Education: Patients should be educated about the proper use of glycopyrrolate, including its potential side effects and precautions. They should also be advised to report any new or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens A | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens C | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens CPE | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens D | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens B | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens E | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides caccae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridium perfringens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides fragilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| ADHD | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Allergies | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.1 | 2.1 | -0.91 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Asthma | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Autism | 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.42 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0 | 0 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.38 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.45 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.14 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 1.4 | 2.1 | -0.5 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Depression | 2.7 | 2.2 | 0.23 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Endometriosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Epilepsy | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.1 | 1.8 | -0.64 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0 | 0 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Gout | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Heart Failure | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Insomnia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.55 |
| Long COVID | 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.65 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.8 | 1 | -0.25 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Menopause | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.75 |
| Mood Disorders | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.12 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.8 | 1 | -0.25 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Obesity | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.22 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.3 | 1.7 | -4.67 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.64 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Psoriasis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.14 |
| Rosacea | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1 | -1 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.7 | 1.2 | 1.25 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Vitiligo | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
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