AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antiepileptic Properties: Pyrithyldione is primarily used to control seizures in individuals with epilepsy. It works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and decreasing the excitability of neurons, thereby reducing the occurrence and severity of seizures.
Control of Absence Seizures: Pyrithyldione is particularly effective in controlling absence seizures, which are characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness and staring spells. It helps prevent the sudden and brief loss of consciousness associated with this type of seizure.
Maintenance Therapy: Pyrithyldione is often used as a maintenance therapy in individuals with epilepsy to prevent the recurrence of seizures. It is typically administered orally in the form of tablets or capsules.
Side Effects: Like many antiepileptic drugs, pyrithyldione may cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and stomach upset. These side effects are usually mild and may improve over time as the body adjusts to the medication.
Blood Dyscrasias: Rare but serious side effects of pyrithyldione include blood dyscrasias such as agranulocytosis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Patients taking pyrithyldione should be monitored regularly for signs of blood disorders, including fever, sore throat, bruising, or unusual bleeding.
Liver Toxicity: Pyrithyldione has been associated with liver toxicity in some cases, including hepatotoxicity and hepatic failure. Patients should be monitored for signs of liver dysfunction, such as jaundice, abdominal pain, dark urine, and fatigue.
Teratogenicity: Pyrithyldione may pose risks to pregnant women and their unborn babies. It has been associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations and developmental delays when used during pregnancy. Pregnant women should only use pyrithyldione if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, and under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Drug Interactions: Pyrithyldione may interact with other medications, including other antiepileptic drugs, leading to changes in blood levels and potentially increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements.
Discontinuation: As with many AEDs, pyrithyldione should not be discontinued abruptly, as this can increase the risk of breakthrough seizures. Instead, the dosage should be gradually tapered under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Anaerobutyricum hallii | Reduces |
| species | Christensenella minuta | Reduces |
| species | Enterococcus faecium | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Lactococcus cremoris | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus catus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea longicatena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lactococcus cremoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus suis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mageeibacillus indolicus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia hejianensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia equolifaciens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Chordicoccus furentiruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum hallii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia hattorii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus ruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia sp. SC05B48 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fannyhessea vaginae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum variabile | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacillus paralicheniformis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter oboediens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] lactaris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Acutalibacter muris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. c-25 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium ventriosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. M62/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parvimonas micra | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus eutactus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. SY8519 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibaculum rodentium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterococcus faecium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mogibacterium diversum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia liquoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema denticola | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Christensenella minuta | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus sp. ART55/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium duncaniae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces oris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Massilistercora timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. MSJ-33 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium mitsuokai | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Vescimonas fastidiosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalitalea cylindroides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Emergencia timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium limosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema peruense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Maliibacterium massiliense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Qiania dongpingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium sp. co_0103 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus albus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phascolarctobacterium sp. Marseille-Q4147 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Corynebacterium durum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia rectibacter | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium maltosivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I2-3-92 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Eubacterium] hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Clostridium] hylemonae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. HTF-F | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I4-1-79 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium callanderi | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacillus intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Olsenella sp. oral taxon 807 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinibaculum porci | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. IP-3-29 | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyricicoccus sp. GAM44 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus champanellensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerostipes hadrus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium cadaveris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wujia chipingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Alistipes communis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phoenicibacter congonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces naeslundii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-89 | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Marvinbryantia formatexigens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Longicatena caecimuris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Vescimonas coprocola | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoclostridium phocaeense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bicirculans (ex Wegman et al. 2014) | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. IP-1-18 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Alistipes ihumii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I4-3-84 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. C1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Alistipes senegalensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Alistipes indistinctus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus sp. FDAARGOS_192 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Solibaculum mannosilyticum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Rothia dentocariosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Allergies | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Asthma | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Autism | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Biofilm | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Celiac Disease | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.7 | 2 | -1.86 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Constipation | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| COVID-19 | 0.9 | 2.5 | -1.78 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Depression | 1.5 | 2.2 | -0.47 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Eczema | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Endometriosis | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Graves' disease | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Halitosis | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Heart Failure | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.5 | 1.4 | -1.8 |
| Insomnia | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Long COVID | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.1 | 1.7 | -16 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Menopause | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.5 | 1.7 | -0.13 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Obesity | 1.3 | 1.7 | -0.31 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Rosacea | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| scoliosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Vitiligo | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
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