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Research Tool: Bucladesine sodium salt is commonly used as a research tool in cellular and molecular biology studies. It mimics the action of cAMP, a crucial secondary messenger molecule involved in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, gene expression, and cell growth.
Cell Signaling: Bucladesine activates the cAMP signaling pathway by directly stimulating adenylate cyclase, the enzyme responsible for cAMP synthesis. This activation can lead to downstream effects on cellular functions such as metabolism, ion transport, and neurotransmitter release.
Neuronal Function: In neuroscience research, bucladesine has been used to study synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and neurotransmitter release mechanisms. It can modulate synaptic transmission and affect neuronal communication in various regions of the brain.
Cardiovascular Research: Bucladesine sodium salt has been investigated for its effects on cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) and vascular smooth muscle cells. It may influence cardiac contractility, heart rate, and blood vessel tone through cAMP-mediated signaling pathways.
Inflammation and Immunity: Research suggests that bucladesine may have immunomodulatory effects by affecting the activity of immune cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It could potentially influence inflammatory responses and immune function, although its precise mechanisms of action in this regard are still being studied.
Stem Cell Research: Bucladesine has been used in stem cell culture systems to promote cell differentiation and maturation. It can induce changes in gene expression patterns that drive stem cells toward specific lineages or cell fates, making it valuable for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.
Experimental Therapies: While bucladesine itself is not commonly used as a therapeutic agent in clinical settings, its ability to modulate cellular signaling pathways has prompted research into its potential therapeutic applications. However, further studies are needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy for specific medical conditions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| ADHD | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Allergies | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.38 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 1.3 | -0.86 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Asthma | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.56 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Autism | 3.1 | 2.4 | 0.29 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.1 | 1.1 | -10 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1 | -1 | |
| Cognitive Function | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| COVID-19 | 1.4 | 3.4 | -1.43 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.1 | 2.3 | -0.1 |
| cystic fibrosis | 1 | -1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Depression | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0.03 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.7 | 1.4 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.3 | 1.9 | -0.46 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Graves' disease | 0.9 | 1.8 | -1 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Heart Failure | 0.7 | 1.3 | -0.86 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0 | 0 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.38 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.17 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.1 | 3.1 | -1.82 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 1.3 | -2.25 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.4 | 2 | -0.43 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 2 | -0.05 |
| Long COVID | 2 | 3.1 | -0.55 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Menopause | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.05 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.6 | 3.1 | 0.16 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 1.3 | -3.33 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.9 | 2.1 | -0.11 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Obesity | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.41 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2.3 | 1.9 | 0.21 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.5 | 1.5 | 1.33 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 2 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.3 | 1.6 | -0.23 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.8 | 1.5 | -0.88 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.7 | 1.6 | -1.29 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0 | 0 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.7 | 1.9 | -1.71 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.5 | 2 | 0.25 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Vitiligo | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
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