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Diagnostic Tool for Myasthenia Gravis: Edrophonium chloride is administered intravenously as part of the Tensilon test to help diagnose myasthenia gravis. This condition is caused by an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, leading to muscle weakness. Edrophonium works by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, temporarily increasing its concentration at neuromuscular junctions. In individuals with myasthenia gravis, this can result in a temporary improvement in muscle strength, helping to confirm the diagnosis.
Rapid Onset of Action: Following intravenous administration, edrophonium chloride acts quickly, with effects typically observed within seconds to minutes. The temporary improvement in muscle strength can be observed and assessed by a healthcare professional during the diagnostic test.
Short Duration of Action: The effects of edrophonium chloride are short-lived, usually lasting for only a few minutes. This brief duration of action allows for rapid assessment of muscle strength and helps differentiate myasthenic weakness from other causes of muscle weakness.
Side Effects: While edrophonium chloride is generally well-tolerated, side effects can occur, particularly at higher doses. Common side effects may include bradycardia (slow heart rate), excessive salivation, lacrimation (tear production), abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These side effects are usually transient and resolve once the effects of the medication wear off.
Contraindications: Edrophonium chloride should be used with caution, or avoided altogether, in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as bradycardia, asthma, peptic ulcer disease, or urinary tract obstruction. It may also interact with other medications, such as anticholinergic drugs, and should be used cautiously in patients taking these medications.
Monitoring: During the Tensilon test, patients are closely monitored for any adverse reactions or changes in symptoms. Vital signs, including heart rate and blood pressure, are typically monitored throughout the procedure.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| ADHD | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Allergies | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1 | 1.5 | -0.5 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.71 |
| Autism | 1.6 | 2.6 | -0.63 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.17 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Constipation | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.8 | 2 | -0.11 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Depression | 2.1 | 2.3 | -0.1 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Endometriosis | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Graves' disease | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Heart Failure | 2 | 0.3 | 5.67 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.1 | 2 | -0.82 |
| Insomnia | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.9 | -1.11 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Long COVID | 1.7 | 2.4 | -0.41 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 2.1 | 2.3 | -0.1 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.1 | 2.3 | -1.09 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 1 | -1 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Obesity | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.11 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.83 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Psoriasis | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.17 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.2 | 0.6 | 2.67 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Vitiligo | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
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