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Gastrointestinal Disorders: Scopolamine hydrochloride is used to relieve symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and gastrointestinal spasms by reducing smooth muscle contractions and secretions in the digestive tract.
Motion Sickness: It is commonly prescribed to prevent and treat motion sickness, including nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with travel by sea, air, or land.
Preoperative Medication: Scopolamine hydrochloride is sometimes given before surgery to reduce saliva and other secretions in the respiratory tract, which can help prevent aspiration pneumonia during anesthesia.
Antispasmodic: It acts as an antispasmodic agent, relieving muscle spasms and cramps in conditions such as renal colic, biliary colic, and other visceral pain syndromes.
Ophthalmic Uses: Scopolamine hydrochloride is used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupil (mydriasis) and relax the ciliary muscle (cycloplegia) for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Parkinson's Disease: In some cases, it may be used as an adjunctive treatment for Parkinson's disease to help manage symptoms such as tremors and muscle stiffness.
Side Effects: Common side effects of scopolamine hydrochloride include dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, drowsiness, confusion, and increased heart rate. These effects are due to its anticholinergic properties and may vary in severity depending on the dosage and individual susceptibility.
Contraindications: Scopolamine hydrochloride is contraindicated in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, severe ulcerative colitis, myasthenia gravis, and hypersensitivity to anticholinergic medications.
Drug Interactions: It may interact with other medications, including antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, and certain antibiotics, leading to enhanced anticholinergic effects or other adverse reactions. Patients should inform their healthcare providers about all medications they are taking before using scopolamine hydrochloride.
Transdermal Patch: Scopolamine hydrochloride is also available as a transdermal patch for the prevention of motion sickness. The patch delivers a controlled dose of medication through the skin, providing continuous relief over several days.
Overdose: In cases of overdose or excessive use, scopolamine hydrochloride can cause severe anticholinergic toxicity, leading to symptoms such as delirium, hallucinations, seizures, and coma. Prompt medical attention is necessary in such cases.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Fusobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus parasanguinis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Fusobacterium nucleatum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| Allergies | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Autism | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Biofilm | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Carcinoma | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.9 | 1.5 | -0.67 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Depression | 1 | 0.5 | 1 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Halitosis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Heart Failure | 1 | 1 | |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Insomnia | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Long COVID | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Mood Disorders | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Obesity | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Vitiligo | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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