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Renal Function Assessment: Aminohippuric acid is primarily used in a procedure called the PAH clearance test. This test involves injecting aminohippuric acid intravenously and measuring its concentration in the bloodstream and urine over a specific period. By analyzing the clearance of aminohippuric acid by the kidneys, healthcare providers can estimate the rate at which blood is flowing through the kidneys, known as the renal plasma flow rate. This test helps assess kidney function and diagnose conditions such as renal artery stenosis, renal failure, and renovascular hypertension.
Safety Considerations: Aminohippuric acid is generally considered safe when used in diagnostic tests under the supervision of healthcare professionals. However, as with any medical procedure involving intravenous injection, there is a small risk of adverse reactions such as allergic reactions, injection site reactions, or transient changes in blood pressure.
Contraindications: The PAH clearance test may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or contraindications, such as severe renal impairment, hypersensitivity to aminohippuric acid, or conditions that may affect the interpretation of test results (e.g., severe dehydration).
Interpretation of Results: The results of the PAH clearance test are interpreted by healthcare providers to assess renal function and to diagnose or monitor kidney-related conditions. Abnormal test results may indicate impaired renal blood flow, reduced kidney function, or other underlying kidney disorders.
Limitations: While the PAH clearance test provides valuable information about renal function, it is not a comprehensive assessment of kidney health. Other tests, such as serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urine analysis, may also be used to evaluate kidney function and diagnose specific kidney diseases.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides uniformis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| ADHD | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Allergies | 1.8 | 2.4 | -0.33 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.1 | 2.6 | -0.24 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 1.6 | -1.29 |
| Asthma | 1.6 | 2.4 | -0.5 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Autism | 3.4 | 3.2 | 0.06 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Carcinoma | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 1.8 | -2 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1 | -1 | |
| Cognitive Function | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.13 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 3.4 | 1.4 | 1.43 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 1.6 | -1.67 |
| COVID-19 | 2.4 | 4.1 | -0.71 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.6 | 2.9 | -0.12 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.3 | -1.3 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.55 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 3 | 4.4 | -0.47 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Endometriosis | 1 | 1.4 | -0.4 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.1 | 1.7 | -0.55 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.1 | 1.9 | -0.73 |
| Gout | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 1.2 | 2.1 | -0.75 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.4 | 1.3 | -2.25 |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.2 | 1 | 1.2 |
| Heart Failure | 0.9 | 1.7 | -0.89 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.7 | 1.7 | -1.43 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 2 | 2.5 | -0.25 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Hypoxia | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.17 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.5 | 4.3 | -1.87 |
| Insomnia | 1 | 2.8 | -1.8 |
| Intelligence | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 3 | 3.1 | -0.03 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 3.1 | 3.6 | -0.16 |
| Long COVID | 1.8 | 3.4 | -0.89 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1 | -1 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Menopause | 0.1 | 0.9 | -8 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.2 | 3.9 | -0.77 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.7 | 3.6 | 0.03 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| neuropathic pain | 1.8 | -1.8 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.3 | 3.2 | -1.46 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Obesity | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.5 | 1.9 | -0.27 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.5 | 1.3 | -1.6 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.4 | 1 | 0.4 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3.8 | 2.4 | 0.58 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2.7 | 2.5 | 0.08 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Psoriasis | 1.4 | 1.7 | -0.21 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.61 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1 | 1.6 | -0.6 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.5 | 2 | -0.33 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.5 | 3.6 | -0.44 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.1 | 3 | -1.73 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.9 | 1.5 | -0.67 |
| Vitiligo | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
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