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Alzheimer's Disease: Memantine hydrochloride is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It works by blocking the action of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in learning and memory. By modulating glutamate activity, memantine helps regulate communication between nerve cells in the brain, which may improve cognitive function and slow the progression of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Symptom Management: Memantine hydrochloride may help manage symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, agitation, aggression, and changes in mood and behavior commonly seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. While it does not cure the underlying condition, it may provide some relief from these symptoms and improve quality of life for both patients and caregivers.
Neuroprotective Effects: Memantine hydrochloride has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, potentially protecting nerve cells in the brain from damage associated with Alzheimer's disease. By reducing excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, memantine may help preserve brain function and delay disease progression.
Adjunctive Therapy: Memantine hydrochloride may be used as adjunctive therapy alongside other medications for Alzheimer's disease, such as cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine. Combination therapy with memantine and a cholinesterase inhibitor may provide additional benefits compared to monotherapy alone.
Vascular Dementia: In addition to Alzheimer's disease, memantine hydrochloride may also be used off-label for the treatment of vascular dementia, another type of dementia characterized by impaired cognitive function due to reduced blood flow to the brain. It may help improve symptoms and slow disease progression in some individuals with vascular dementia.
Side Effects: Common side effects of memantine hydrochloride may include dizziness, headache, confusion, constipation, and drowsiness. These side effects are typically mild and transient but may be more pronounced at higher doses or during the initial titration period. In rare cases, memantine may cause more serious side effects such as hallucinations, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Contraindications: Memantine hydrochloride is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to the medication or any of its components. It should be used with caution in patients with severe renal impairment or a history of seizure disorders, as dose adjustments may be necessary.
Drug Interactions: Memantine hydrochloride may interact with other medications that affect glutamate neurotransmission, such as amantadine, ketamine, and dextromethorphan. Concurrent use of memantine with these medications may increase the risk of side effects or alter their efficacy.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens A | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens C | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens CPE | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens D | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens B | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens E | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides fragilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridium perfringens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides caccae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides ovatus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| ADHD | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Allergies | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.27 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.6 | 2.4 | -0.5 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.5 | 1.2 | -1.4 |
| Asthma | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3 |
| Autism | 3.3 | 1.7 | 0.94 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Carcinoma | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.32 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.55 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Cognitive Function | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| COVID-19 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 0.08 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 2.5 | 3.3 | -0.32 |
| Eczema | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Endometriosis | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.4 | 1.8 | -0.29 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1 | 1 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Gout | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Graves' disease | 1.2 | 1.5 | -0.25 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Heart Failure | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.3 | 3.1 | -0.35 |
| Insomnia | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Intelligence | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.39 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
| Long COVID | 2.2 | 2.6 | -0.18 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Menopause | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.73 |
| Mood Disorders | 2.8 | 3.6 | -0.29 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Obesity | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.44 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3 | 2 | 0.5 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| Psoriasis | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.6 | 1.6 | 0.63 |
| Rosacea | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| Schizophrenia | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.5 | 1.5 | -2 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.7 | 2.2 | 0.23 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.2 | 1.4 | -0.17 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.25 |
| Vitiligo | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
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