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Neurotransmitter Function: Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, cognition, memory, and autonomic nervous system function. Inhibition of choline uptake by HC-3 reduces the synthesis and release of acetylcholine, leading to disruptions in cholinergic neurotransmission.
Effects on Muscles: Acetylcholine is essential for neuromuscular transmission, the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted to muscles, leading to muscle contraction. Inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis by HC-3 may result in muscle weakness, paralysis, or other neuromuscular impairments.
Cognitive Function: Acetylcholine plays a crucial role in cognitive processes such as learning, memory, and attention. Disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission by HC-3 may impair cognitive function and lead to deficits in memory formation and retention.
Autonomic Nervous System: Acetylcholine is involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. Alterations in cholinergic neurotransmission by HC-3 may affect autonomic functions, leading to changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal motility.
Research and Therapeutic Applications: While hemicholinium bromide is primarily used as a research tool to investigate the role of cholinergic neurotransmission in various physiological and pathological conditions, its potential therapeutic applications are limited due to its non-selective inhibition of choline uptake and the widespread effects on cholinergic signaling throughout the body.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fusobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phocaeicola | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides uniformis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Phocaeicola vulgatus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides fragilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Fusobacterium nucleatum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 6 |
| Allergies | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Asthma | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| Autism | 2.2 | 4 | -0.82 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1 | 1 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer | 0 | 0 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Carcinoma | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.69 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 1.9 | -2.17 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.3 | 2.2 | -0.69 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2 | 0.9 | 1.22 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 1.7 | 3.2 | -0.88 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.1 | 3 | 0.03 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Depression | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.21 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Endometriosis | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.75 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Halitosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Heart Failure | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.63 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.27 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.18 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.8 | 2.4 | -0.33 |
| Insomnia | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1 | 1 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.4 | 1.6 | -0.14 |
| ischemic stroke | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.47 |
| Long COVID | 2.2 | 3.1 | -0.41 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Lymphoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.5 | 1.4 | -1.8 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.27 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2 | 2.6 | -0.3 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 1 | -1 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Obesity | 3.2 | 2.7 | 0.19 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.6 | 1.7 | -0.06 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.4 | 3 | -1.14 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2 | 0.9 | 1.22 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Psoriasis | 0.4 | 1.6 | -3 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.56 |
| Schizophrenia | 2.1 | 1 | 1.1 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.8 | 0.5 | 2.6 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.41 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.62 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.33 |
| Vitiligo | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
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