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Hypolipidemic Effects: Clofibric acid belongs to a class of drugs known as fibric acid derivatives, which are primarily used to lower lipid levels in the blood. These drugs work by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-Ξ±), leading to increased lipolysis and decreased synthesis of triglycerides. However, clofibric acid itself is not widely used for this purpose due to its relatively weak lipid-lowering effects compared to other fibric acid derivatives like gemfibrozil and fenofibrate.
Anti-inflammatory Properties: Clofibric acid has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, possibly through its modulation of PPAR-Ξ± activity. Some studies suggest that it may have potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory conditions, although further research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms of action and efficacy.
Metabolism and Excretion: Clofibric acid is primarily metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. It undergoes conjugation with glycine to form clofibryl glycine, which is then excreted. The pharmacokinetics of clofibric acid have been studied in relation to its lipid-lowering effects and potential adverse effects.
Adverse Effects: While clofibric acid has been associated with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation in some studies, it may also be associated with certain adverse effects. These may include gastrointestinal disturbances, liver toxicity, and muscle-related adverse effects such as myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. However, because clofibric acid is not commonly used clinically, the prevalence and severity of adverse effects associated with its use are not well-characterized.
Drug Interactions: Clofibric acid may interact with other medications, particularly those metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system or those that affect lipid metabolism. Healthcare providers should be aware of potential drug interactions when prescribing or considering the use of clofibric acid.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| π Direct Citations | πͺπΆ Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridioides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides uniformis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides fragilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridioides difficile | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| ADHD | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Allergies | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.27 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.3 | 0.8 | 1.87 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.6 | 1.6 | -1.67 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Asthma | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.39 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.11 |
| Autism | 2.7 | 3.7 | -0.37 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Cancer (General) | 1 | -1 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.7 | 1.9 | -1.71 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.1 | 1.9 | -0.73 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Cognitive Function | 2 | 1.1 | 0.82 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 3 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
| COVID-19 | 1.5 | 3.4 | -1.27 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.8 | 3.1 | -0.11 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Depression | 4.3 | 3.9 | 0.1 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 0.4 | 1.3 | -2.25 |
| Endometriosis | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.75 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.8 | 1 | -0.25 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.8 | 1.6 | -1 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Graves' disease | 0.6 | 2 | -2.33 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Heart Failure | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 2.1 | 2.6 | -0.24 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Hypoxia | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 1.7 | -1.83 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.3 | 2.6 | -1 |
| Insomnia | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| Intelligence | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.6 | 2.3 | 0.13 |
| ischemic stroke | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.6 | 3.3 | -0.27 |
| Long COVID | 1.3 | 3 | -1.31 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Lymphoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.4 | 1.3 | -2.25 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.9 | 3.4 | -0.17 |
| Mood Disorders | 4 | 2.7 | 0.48 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.9 | 2.3 | -0.21 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| neuropathic pain | 1.6 | -1.6 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 2 | 1.8 | 0.11 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Obesity | 4.2 | 4.6 | -0.1 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.38 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.8 | 1 | -0.25 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.4 | 1.7 | -0.21 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.6 | 1.8 | -0.13 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Psoriasis | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3 | 1.8 | 0.67 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.27 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 1.3 | -3.33 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.29 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.1 | 1.7 | -0.55 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.8 | 2.1 | -0.17 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.6 | 3.1 | -0.19 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.9 | 2.2 | -0.16 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Vitiligo | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
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