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Dopamine Receptor Antagonism: S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride selectively blocks dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the brain. By antagonizing these receptors, S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride can modulate dopamine signaling and neurotransmission. This property makes it valuable for studying the role of dopamine receptors in normal brain function and in the pathophysiology of various disorders.
Neuroscientific Research: S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride is widely used in neuroscience research to investigate the role of dopamine receptors in neurological and psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, addiction, and mood disorders. By blocking dopamine D2/D3 receptors, S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride can induce behavioral effects in experimental models that may mimic certain aspects of these disorders, providing insights into their underlying mechanisms.
Dopamine Imaging Studies: S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride is also used as a radiotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging studies to visualize and quantify dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding in the brain. These imaging techniques allow researchers to assess dopamine receptor density and availability in vivo, providing valuable information about dopamine function in health and disease.
Side Effects: While S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride itself is not used therapeutically in humans, it has been well-tolerated in research studies when administered at appropriate doses. However, like any pharmacological agent, S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride may have potential side effects in experimental models, including changes in locomotor activity, body temperature, and sensory perception. These effects may vary depending on factors such as dose, route of administration, and species differences.
Therapeutic Implications: Although S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride is not used as a therapeutic drug, its pharmacological effects on dopamine receptors have implications for the development of novel treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders. By understanding the mechanisms of action of S(-)eticlopride hydrochloride and related compounds, researchers may identify new drug targets and therapeutic strategies for conditions involving dysregulation of dopamine signaling.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridioides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Odoribacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phocaeicola | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridioides difficile | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides fragilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Odoribacter splanchnicus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Phocaeicola vulgatus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides uniformis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| ADHD | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.67 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.5 | 1 | 1.5 |
| Allergies | 5.9 | 3.6 | 0.64 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 4.9 | 3.8 | 0.29 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3.7 | 1 | 2.7 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.9 | 1.4 | 1.79 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.4 | 2.3 | -0.64 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Asthma | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.41 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.86 |
| Autism | 8.1 | 7.5 | 0.08 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Carcinoma | 3.5 | 2.6 | 0.35 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.8 | 3.3 | -0.83 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.2 | 5.1 | -0.59 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.3 | 1.8 | 0.83 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.6 | 1.6 | -1.67 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 3 | 0.9 | 2.33 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 6.6 | 2.1 | 2.14 |
| Constipation | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.7 | 2.3 | -0.35 |
| COVID-19 | 5.5 | 8.3 | -0.51 |
| Crohn's Disease | 5.9 | 5.8 | 0.02 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Depression | 7 | 7.2 | -0.03 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.1 | 1.7 | -0.55 |
| Endometriosis | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.53 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Epilepsy | 2 | 2.1 | -0.05 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 3.1 | 2.6 | 0.19 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2.7 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 1.9 | 2.7 | -0.42 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.7 | 2.2 | -2.14 |
| Halitosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.17 |
| Heart Failure | 3.5 | 1.8 | 0.94 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1 | 1 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.8 | 2.1 | -1.63 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.03 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Hypoxia | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.37 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | 2.8 | -0.75 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 5 | 7.1 | -0.42 |
| Insomnia | 2.2 | 2.9 | -0.32 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 5.2 | 4 | 0.3 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.4 | 0.6 | 3 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 4.6 | 3.9 | 0.18 |
| Long COVID | 5.7 | 6.2 | -0.09 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.7 | -1.7 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.8 | 1.5 | -0.88 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 6.9 | 6.3 | 0.1 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1 | 0.1 | 9 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 4.3 | 4.8 | -0.12 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 2.1 | -6 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 1 | 1.4 | -0.4 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 3 | 4.1 | -0.37 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Obesity | 8.1 | 7.2 | 0.13 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.5 | 4.1 | -0.17 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.4 | 1.5 | -0.07 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.8 | 2.2 | -0.22 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6.4 | 5.8 | 0.1 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 4.4 | 2 | 1.2 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.4 | 2.8 | -1 |
| Psoriasis | 2.7 | 3.4 | -0.26 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 5.6 | 3.4 | 0.65 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.4 | 2.6 | 0.69 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2 | 2.1 | -0.05 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.2 | 0.1 | 11 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.9 | 2.3 | -0.21 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.2 | 1.9 | 0.68 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.1 | 1.6 | -0.45 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 6.6 | 6 | 0.1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 3.4 | 5.2 | -0.53 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 4.3 | 2.2 | 0.95 |
| Vitiligo | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.64 |
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