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🍽️ 2-Aminopentanedioic acid {glutamate}

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  1. Neurological Disorders: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in neuronal communication. However, excessive glutamate signaling can lead to excitotoxicity, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke. Excitotoxicity occurs when excessive glutamate stimulates receptors on neurons, leading to neuronal damage and cell death.

  2. Migraine: Glutamate has been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches. Excessive release of glutamate and abnormal glutamate receptor activation may contribute to the initiation and propagation of migraine attacks. Medications that target glutamate receptors or modulate glutamate levels may be used in the treatment of migraines.

  3. Neuropathic Pain: Glutamate signaling plays a role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, which is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. Aberrant glutamate release and activation of glutamate receptors in the spinal cord and brain contribute to the hypersensitivity to pain experienced in neuropathic conditions such as diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and neuropathic pain following nerve injury.

  4. Epilepsy: Glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission is involved in the generation and propagation of epileptic seizures. Abnormalities in glutamate signaling, such as excessive glutamate release or impaired glutamate reuptake, can lead to hyperexcitability of neurons and seizure activity. Antiepileptic drugs that target glutamate receptors or modulate glutamate release are used in the treatment of epilepsy.

  5. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis and excitotoxicity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Excessive glutamate signaling contributes to neuronal damage and cell death in these conditions. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing glutamate excitotoxicity are being investigated as potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

  6. Psychiatric Disorders: Glutamate dysregulation has been implicated in various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders. Abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission and glutamate receptor function may contribute to the pathophysiology of these conditions. Medications that modulate glutamate signaling are being explored as potential treatments for psychiatric disorders.

  7. Metabolic Disorders: Glutamate also plays a role in energy metabolism and is involved in the synthesis of glutathione, a potent antioxidant. Dysregulation of glutamate metabolism has been implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Alterations in glutamate signaling may affect energy balance, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress in metabolic tissues.

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Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of 2-Aminopentanedioic acid {glutamate} On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
genus Bifidobacterium Increases
order Rhodospirillales Reduces
species Akkermansia muciniphila Reduces
species Bifidobacterium adolescentis Increases
species Bifidobacterium animalis Increases
species Bifidobacterium bifidum Increases
species Bifidobacterium breve Increases
species Bifidobacterium catenulatum Increases
species Bifidobacterium longum Increases
species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Increases
species Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Increases
species Lactobacillus acidophilus Increases
species Lactobacillus crispatus Increases
species Lactobacillus gasseri Increases
species Lactobacillus helveticus Increases
species Lactobacillus jensenii Increases
species Lactobacillus johnsonii Increases
species Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Increases
species Lactococcus cremoris Increases
species Lactococcus lactis Increases

Bacteria Impacted by 2-Aminopentanedioic acid {glutamate}

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

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📓 Direct Citations 👪👶 Indirect Citations Taxonomy Rank Effect
0 1 Terrabacteria group clade Increases
0 1 Desulfuribacillia class Decreases
0 1 Dethiobacteria class Decreases
0 1 Erysipelotrichia class Decreases
0 1 Limnochordia class Decreases
0 1 Negativicutes class Decreases
0 1 Thermolithobacteria class Decreases
0 1 Tissierellia class Decreases
0 2 Bacilli class Increases
1 2 Clostridia class Increases
0 1 Acidimicrobiia class Increases
0 1 Actinomycetes class Increases
0 1 Coriobacteriia class Increases
0 1 Nitriliruptoria class Increases
0 1 Rubrobacteria class Increases
0 1 Thermoleophilia class Increases
1 0 Acidaminococcaceae family Decreases
0 1 Acutalibacteraceae family Decreases
0 1 Bianqueaceae family Decreases
0 1 Butyricicoccaceae family Decreases
0 1 Caldicoprobacteraceae family Decreases
0 1 Cellulosilyticaceae family Decreases
0 1 Christensenellaceae family Decreases
0 1 Clostridiaceae family Decreases
0 1 Defluviitaleaceae family Decreases
0 1 Desulfallaceae family Decreases
0 1 Desulfitobacteriaceae family Decreases
0 1 Desulfotomaculaceae family Decreases
0 1 Desulfurisporaceae family Decreases
0 1 Eubacteriaceae family Decreases
0 1 Feifaniaceae family Decreases
0 1 Gracilibacteraceae family Decreases
0 1 Heliobacteriaceae family Decreases
0 1 Lachnospiraceae family Decreases
0 1 Maliibacteriaceae family Decreases
0 1 Oscillospiraceae family Decreases
0 1 Peptococcaceae family Decreases
0 1 Peptostreptococcaceae family Decreases
0 1 Proteinivoraceae family Decreases
0 1 Pumilibacteraceae family Decreases
0 1 Symbiobacteriaceae family Decreases
0 1 Syntrophomonadaceae family Decreases
0 1 Thermincolaceae family Decreases
0 1 Vallitaleaceae family Decreases
0 1 Yeguiaceae family Decreases
0 1 Akkermansiaceae family Decreases
0 2 Bifidobacteriaceae family Increases
0 1 Selenomonadaceae family Increases
0 1 Odoribacteraceae family Increases
0 1 Aerococcaceae family Increases
0 1 Carnobacteriaceae family Increases
0 1 Enterococcaceae family Increases
0 2 Streptococcaceae family Increases
1 0 Prevotellaceae family Increases
0 3 Lactobacillaceae family Increases
1 0 Acidaminococcus genus Decreases
1 0 Akkermansia genus Decreases
0 1 Phascolarctobacterium genus Decreases
0 1 Succiniclasticum genus Decreases
0 1 Succinispira genus Decreases
2 0 Bifidobacterium genus Increases
0 1 Alloprevotella genus Increases
0 1 Hallella genus Increases
0 1 Hoylesella genus Increases
0 1 Leyella genus Increases
0 1 Marseilla genus Increases
0 1 Massiliprevotella genus Increases
0 1 Metaprevotella genus Increases
0 1 Paraprevotella genus Increases
0 1 Prevotella genus Increases
0 1 Prevotellamassilia genus Increases
0 1 Pseudoprevotella genus Increases
0 1 Segatella genus Increases
0 1 Brevibacterium genus Increases
0 1 Campylobacter genus Increases
0 1 Corynebacterium genus Increases
1 0 Lactococcus genus Increases
2 0 Lactobacillus genus Increases
0 1 Bacillota incertae sedis no rank Decreases
0 1 Bacillota sensu stricto incertae sedis no rank Decreases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Decreases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Decreases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Decreases
0 1 Eubacteriales incertae sedis no rank Decreases
0 1 unclassified Acidaminococcaceae no rank Decreases
0 1 unclassified Acidaminococcus no rank Decreases
0 1 unclassified Bacillota no rank Decreases
0 1 unclassified Eubacteriales no rank Decreases
0 2 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 2 unclassified Bifidobacterium no rank Increases
0 1 Clostridia incertae sedis no rank Increases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 1 Lactobacillales incertae sedis no rank Increases
0 1 unclassified Actinomycetota no rank Increases
0 1 unclassified Clostridia no rank Increases
0 1 unclassified Lactococcus no rank Increases
0 1 unclassified Prevotellaceae no rank Increases
0 2 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 2 unclassified Lactobacillus no rank Increases
1 1 Eubacteriales order Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcales order Decreases
0 1 Rhodospirillales order Decreases
0 1 Spirochaetales order Decreases
0 1 Caldicellulosiruptorales order Increases
0 1 Christensenellales order Increases
0 1 Halanaerobiales order Increases
0 1 Koleobacterales order Increases
0 1 Lachnospirales order Increases
0 1 Monoglobales order Increases
0 1 Moorellales order Increases
0 1 Natranaerobiales order Increases
0 1 Peptostreptococcales order Increases
0 1 Saccharofermentanales order Increases
0 1 Thermoanaerobacterales order Increases
0 1 Thermosediminibacterales order Increases
0 1 Bacteroidales order Increases
1 0 Lactobacillales order Increases
1 1 Bacillota phylum Decreases
0 1 Spirochaetota phylum Decreases
1 0 Actinomycetota phylum Increases
1 0 Akkermansia muciniphila species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus sp. BV3L6 species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus sp. HPA0509 species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus fermentans species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus intestini species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus massiliensis species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus sp. species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus sp. D21 species Decreases
0 1 Acidaminococcus timonensis species Decreases
0 2 Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium adolescentis species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium aesculapii species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium angulatum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium animalis species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium asteroides species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium avesanii species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium biavatii species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium bifidum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium bohemicum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium bombi species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium boum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium breve species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium callitrichos species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium catenulatum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium choerinum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium commune species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium coryneforme species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium cuniculi species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium dentium species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium eulemuris species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium faecale species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium gallicum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium imperatoris species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium indicum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium lemurum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium longum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium magnum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium merycicum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium minimum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium mongoliense species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium moukalabense species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium myosotis species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium porcinum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium pullorum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium reuteri species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium ruminantium species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium saguini species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium scardovii species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium simiae species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium subtile species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium thermophilum species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium tissieri species Increases
0 2 Bifidobacterium tsurumiense species Increases
0 1 ATCC 15434 species Increases
0 1 Bifidobacterium stercoris species Increases
0 1 Lactobacillus sp. 7_1_47FAA species Increases
0 1 Lactobacillus sp. MYMRS/TEN2 species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus allomyrinae species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus carnosus species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus cremoris species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus formosensis species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus fujiensis species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus garvieae species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus hircilactis species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus lactis species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus laudensis species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus paracarnosus species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus petauri species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus piscium species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus plantarum species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus protaetiae species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus raffinolactis species Increases
0 1 Lactococcus taiwanensis species Increases
0 2 [Lactobacillus] rogosae species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus acetotolerans species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus acidophilus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus alvei species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus amylolyticus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus amylovorus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus animata species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus apis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus bombicola species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus brevisimilis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus crispatus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus delbrueckii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus equicursoris species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus faeni species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus fornicalis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus gallinarum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus gasseri species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus gigeriorum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus guizhouensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus hamsteri species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus helveticus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus hominis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus iners species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus intermedius species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus intestinalis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus japonicus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus jensenii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus johnsonii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kalixensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kitasatonis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kullabergensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus leichmannii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus letivazi species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus mulieris species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus panisapium species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus paragasseri species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus pasteurii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus psittaci species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus rodentium species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus selangorensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus taiwanensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus terrae species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus ultunensis species Increases
1 0 Brevibacterium avium species Increases
1 0 Campylobacter jejuni species Increases
1 0 Corynebacterium glutamicum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus casei group species group Increases
0 1 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei subspecies Increases
0 1 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni subspecies Increases

Impact of 2-Aminopentanedioic acid {glutamate} on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 0.2 -0.2
Acne 1.6 0.5 2.2
ADHD 2.2 2.1 0.05
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma 0.3 -0.3
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 2.2 1.3 0.69
Allergies 2.4 4 -0.67
Allergy to milk products 2.5 0.9 1.78
Alopecia (Hair Loss) 0.3 0.7 -1.33
Alzheimer's disease 3.8 3.6 0.06
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 0.9 2.3 -1.56
Ankylosing spondylitis 2.1 1.5 0.4
Anorexia Nervosa 0.7 1.9 -1.71
Asthma 2.3 3.6 -0.57
Atherosclerosis 0.5 1.7 -2.4
Atrial fibrillation 0.4 1.8 -3.5
Autism 4.9 4.5 0.09
Autoimmune Disease 1 0.8 0.25
Barrett esophagus cancer 0.5 0.5
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.5 -0.5
Biofilm 0 0
Bipolar Disorder 0.7 1.8 -1.57
Brain Trauma 2.8 0.1 27
Breast Cancer 0.5 0.2 1.5
Cancer (General) 1 0.2 4
Carcinoma 0.2 0.8 -3
Celiac Disease 2 1.6 0.25
Cerebral Palsy 0.4 0.2 1
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1.2 2.2 -0.83
Chronic Kidney Disease 1.5 0.8 0.88
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1.1 2.6 -1.36
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 0.2 1.9 -8.5
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 0.8 0.3 1.67
Cognitive Function 1.7 1.1 0.55
Colorectal Cancer 3 3 0
Constipation 1.4 1.4
Coronary artery disease 1.3 1.1 0.18
COVID-19 3.7 5.8 -0.57
Crohn's Disease 2.8 5.8 -1.07
cystic fibrosis 0.1 0.8 -7
d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) 1.4 -1.4
deep vein thrombosis 1 0.2 4
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts 0.6 0.3 1
Depression 5.9 6.8 -0.15
Dermatomyositis 0 0.5 0
Eczema 0.5 0.5 0
Endometriosis 2 2.2 -0.1
Eosinophilic Esophagitis 0.1 0.8 -7
Epilepsy 2.4 2.4 0
erectile dysfunction 0.8 0.2 3
Fibromyalgia 1 0.8 0.25
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 2.6 1.7 0.53
gallstone disease (gsd) 0.6 0.7 -0.17
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 0.8 0.7 0.14
Generalized anxiety disorder 0.9 0.6 0.5
giant cell arteritis 0.2 0.3 -0.5
Glioblastoma 0.4 0.5 -0.25
Gout 0.8 1.6 -1
Graves' disease 0.9 4 -3.44
Gulf War Syndrome 0.2 1.5 -6.5
Halitosis 0.5 0.7 -0.4
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1.9 1.3 0.46
Heart Failure 1.4 2.2 -0.57
hemorrhagic stroke 1.5 0.2 6.5
Hemorrhoidal disease, Hemorrhoids, Piles 0.2 0.2 0
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 0.6 -0.6
High Histamine/low DAO 0.7 0.6 0.17
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.2 0.7 -2.5
hyperglycemia 1.1 1.1 0
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) 1.4 1 0.4
hypersomnia 0.8 0.6 0.33
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 2.9 3 -0.03
Hypothyroidism 1.2 0.9 0.33
Hypoxia 0.6 1 -0.67
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 1.2 0.9 0.33
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 3.1 4.1 -0.32
Insomnia 1.5 3.6 -1.4
Intelligence 1.1 1.1
Intracranial aneurysms 1 0.2 4
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 4.2 4.4 -0.05
ischemic stroke 1.4 2 -0.43
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 0.8 -0.8
Liver Cirrhosis 3.9 4.2 -0.08
Long COVID 3.8 7.1 -0.87
Low bone mineral density 1.1 -1.1
Lung Cancer 0.1 1 -9
Lymphoma 0.2 -0.2
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 1.9 0.2 8.5
ME/CFS with IBS 0 0
ME/CFS without IBS 0.2 0.2
membranous nephropathy 0.4 -0.4
Menopause 0.8 0.5 0.6
Metabolic Syndrome 3.5 5.8 -0.66
Mood Disorders 6.5 7.9 -0.22
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.3 0.6 -1
Multiple Sclerosis 3.3 2.2 0.5
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 1 0.8 0.25
myasthenia gravis 0.2 0.5 -1.5
neuropathic pain 0.6 0.4 0.5
Neuropathy (all types) 1.2 0.8 0.5
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) 0.2 0.3 -0.5
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 2.1 3 -0.43
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 1.5 0.8 0.88
Obesity 3.5 5 -0.43
obsessive-compulsive disorder 1.2 0.7 0.71
Osteoarthritis 0.8 0.8 0
Osteoporosis 1.1 1.9 -0.73
pancreatic cancer 0.2 0.6 -2
Parkinson's Disease 5.3 4.1 0.29
Peanut Allergy 0.2 -0.2
Polycystic ovary syndrome 1.9 4.2 -1.21
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0 0
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 0 0
primary biliary cholangitis 1 2.8 -1.8
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 2 -2
Psoriasis 1.1 2.2 -1
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 3.9 4.5 -0.15
Rosacea 0.6 1.5 -1.5
Schizophrenia 4 4.9 -0.23
scoliosis 0.5 0.5
sensorineural hearing loss 0.2 -0.2
Sjögren syndrome 1.2 0.7 0.71
Sleep Apnea 1.9 0.6 2.17
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 0.8 0.2 3
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 0.3 0.9 -2
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 1.6 1.9 -0.19
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 3.1 3 0.03
Tic Disorder 1 0.2 4
Tourette syndrome 0.8 0.4 1
Type 1 Diabetes 2.2 2.5 -0.14
Type 2 Diabetes 3.6 5.1 -0.42
Ulcerative colitis 3.3 5.9 -0.79
Unhealthy Ageing 0.5 1.3 -1.6
Vitiligo 0.7 0.6 0.17

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