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Beta-Adrenergic Blockade: Pronethalol hydrochloride acts by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which are found in various tissues throughout the body, including the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. By blocking the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and other catecholamines on these receptors, pronethalol hydrochloride can reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial contractility, thereby exerting antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive effects.
Cardiovascular Effects: Pronethalol hydrochloride was initially studied for its potential use in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), angina pectoris (chest pain), and cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms). By reducing sympathetic nervous system activity and decreasing the workload on the heart, pronethalol hydrochloride can help manage these cardiovascular conditions. However, its use has largely been replaced by newer beta-blockers with improved selectivity and safety profiles.
Side Effects: Like other beta-blockers, pronethalol hydrochloride can cause side effects related to its mechanism of action, including bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), fatigue, dizziness, and bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways). In addition, pronethalol hydrochloride has been associated with more serious adverse effects, including cardiac toxicity and hepatotoxicity (liver damage), which have contributed to its decreased use in clinical practice.
Withdrawal: Abrupt discontinuation of pronethalol hydrochloride or other beta-blockers can lead to rebound hypertension, angina exacerbation, and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important to taper the dose gradually under medical supervision when discontinuing treatment with pronethalol hydrochloride or transitioning to another beta-blocker.
Historical Context: Pronethalol hydrochloride was one of the earliest beta-blockers to be developed and studied for clinical use. While it provided valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of beta-adrenergic blockade, its limited selectivity and significant side effects ultimately led to its replacement by newer beta-blockers with improved efficacy and safety profiles.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Anaerobutyricum hallii | Reduces |
| species | Christensenella minuta | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Lactococcus cremoris | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Christensenella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Maliibacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Odoribacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Massilistercora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Novisyntrophococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Odoribacter splanchnicus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea longicatena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus catus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia hejianensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum hallii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia sp. SC05B48 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum variabile | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus ruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter oboediens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] lactaris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium ventriosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. M62/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Christensenella minuta | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia liquoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. SY8519 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium mitsuokai | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium duncaniae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalitalea cylindroides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Massilistercora timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Maliibacterium massiliense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema peruense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium sp. co_0103 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Qiania dongpingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacillus intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Clostridium] hylemonae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I2-3-92 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. IP-3-29 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinibaculum porci | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium cadaveris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerostipes hadrus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lactococcus cremoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoclostridium phocaeense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Marvinbryantia formatexigens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus suis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Longicatena caecimuris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-89 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Solibaculum mannosilyticum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| ADHD | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Allergies | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.08 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Asthma | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| Autism | 1.1 | 1.4 | -0.27 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.1 | 2.6 | -1.36 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 0.9 | -8 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Constipation | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.9 | 1 | -0.11 |
| COVID-19 | 1.1 | 3.3 | -2 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.4 | 1.9 | -0.36 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Depression | 1.4 | 2 | -0.43 |
| Eczema | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Graves' disease | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Halitosis | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Heart Failure | 0.9 | 1 | -0.11 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.5 | 2.5 | -4 |
| Insomnia | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.27 |
| Long COVID | 1.1 | 2.6 | -1.36 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1.3 | -1.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| Menopause | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.4 | 1.6 | -0.14 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1 | 1.7 | -0.7 |
| Obesity | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.17 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.37 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| scoliosis | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.75 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Vitiligo | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
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