🍽️ D-mannitol {Mannitol}

Diuretic Effect: Mannitol is commonly used as an osmotic diuretic to increase urine production and promote the excretion of excess fluids and electrolytes from the body. It is often used in the treatment of conditions such as acute kidney injury, cerebral edema, and intraocular pressure associated with conditions like glaucoma.

Cerebral Edema: Mannitol is used to reduce intracranial pressure and cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury, stroke, or neurosurgery. By drawing excess fluid out of brain tissues through osmosis, mannitol can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further neurological damage.

Glaucoma: Mannitol may be administered intravenously to lower intraocular pressure in acute cases of glaucoma, especially when other treatments are ineffective or contraindicated. It works by reducing fluid buildup within the eye, thereby relieving pressure on the optic nerve.

Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN): Mannitol is sometimes used as a prophylactic agent to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy, a form of kidney injury that can occur following certain medical imaging procedures involving contrast agents. Mannitol's diuretic properties may help flush out contrast dye and prevent its accumulation in the kidneys.

Hypovolemia: Mannitol may be used as a plasma volume expander to increase blood volume and improve circulation in cases of hypovolemia (low blood volume), such as during surgery or in patients with severe dehydration or shock.

Bronchial Challenge Testing: Mannitol is utilized in bronchial challenge testing to assess airway hyperresponsiveness, which is a characteristic feature of asthma. It is inhaled as a dry powder to induce bronchoconstriction, and the degree of airway narrowing is measured to diagnose and monitor asthma severity.

Eye Care: Mannitol is sometimes used in ophthalmic formulations, such as eye drops or gels, to reduce corneal edema and improve corneal transparency. It may also be used to protect the cornea during certain surgical procedures or to preserve corneal tissues for transplantation.

Pharmaceutical Formulations: Mannitol serves as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, contributing to tablet disintegration, stabilization of proteins, and maintenance of osmolarity in injectable medications.