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🍽️ N-acetylneuraminic acid {Sialic acid}

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  1. Immune Function: Sialic acid is involved in the structure of glycoproteins and glycolipids present on the surface of cells, including immune cells. These molecules play a role in immune cell signaling, recognition of pathogens, and modulation of immune responses. Sialic acid-containing compounds may help support immune function and contribute to the body's defense against infections and diseases.

  2. Brain Development: Sialic acid is a component of gangliosides, which are complex molecules found in high concentrations in the brain and nervous system. Gangliosides play crucial roles in neuronal development, synaptic function, and signal transmission. Sialic acid-containing gangliosides are particularly important during early brain development and may contribute to cognitive function and neurological health.

  3. Inflammation and Autoimmune Disorders: Sialic acid-containing molecules, such as sialylated glycoproteins, have been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses. Alterations in sialylation patterns have been observed in various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Modulating sialic acid levels or sialylation processes may have therapeutic potential in managing these conditions.

  4. Cancer: Abnormal sialylation patterns have been associated with cancer development and progression. Changes in sialic acid expression on cell surfaces and altered sialylation of glycoproteins are characteristic features of cancer cells. Sialic acid-containing molecules may contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and evasion of immune surveillance. Targeting sialic acid pathways or inhibiting aberrant sialylation processes may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy.

  5. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Sialic acid-containing molecules, particularly gangliosides, are abundant in neuronal membranes and play essential roles in neuronal structure and function. Alterations in ganglioside metabolism and sialic acid content have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Modulating sialic acid levels or enhancing ganglioside synthesis may offer therapeutic benefits in these conditions.

  6. Viral Infections: Sialic acid serves as a receptor for various viruses, including influenza viruses, noroviruses, and coronaviruses. These viruses exploit sialic acid-containing molecules on host cells to facilitate viral attachment and entry into cells. Modulating sialic acid expression or blocking viral interactions with sialic acid receptors may have implications for preventing or treating viral infections.

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Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of N-acetylneuraminic acid {Sialic acid} On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
genus Bifidobacterium Increases
species Akkermansia muciniphila Increases
species Bifidobacterium adolescentis Increases
species Bifidobacterium animalis Increases
species Bifidobacterium bifidum Increases
species Bifidobacterium breve Increases
species Bifidobacterium catenulatum Increases
species Bifidobacterium longum Increases
species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Increases
species Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Increases
species Escherichia coli Increases
species Lactobacillus acidophilus Increases
species Lactobacillus crispatus Increases
species Lactobacillus gasseri Increases
species Lactobacillus helveticus Increases
species Lactobacillus jensenii Increases
species Lactobacillus johnsonii Increases
species Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Increases

Bacteria Impacted by N-acetylneuraminic acid {Sialic acid}

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

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📓 Direct Citations 👪👶 Indirect Citations Taxonomy Rank Effect
1 0 Fusobacteriia class Increases
0 3 Bifidobacteriaceae family Increases
0 1 Selenomonadaceae family Increases
0 2 Lactobacillaceae family Increases
1 0 Klebsiella genus Decreases
0 1 Akkermansia genus Increases
0 1 Escherichia genus Increases
1 0 Megamonas genus Increases
2 0 Lactobacillus genus Increases
3 0 Bifidobacterium genus Increases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella/Raoultella group no rank Decreases
0 1 unclassified Klebsiella no rank Decreases
0 1 Escherichia coli O20:H12 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H5 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O19:H7 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O155:H21 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O170:H18 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O15:H12 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O55:H7 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O68:H12 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:H15 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O85:H1 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O18ac:H14 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H51 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H7 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K1:H4 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O84:H7 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O158:H23 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O80:H26 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O139:H1 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O141:H4 no rank Increases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H34 no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O16:H48 no rank Increases
0 1 unclassified Fusobacteriota no rank Increases
0 1 unclassified Megamonas no rank Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:H16 no rank Increases
0 2 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 2 unclassified Lactobacillus no rank Increases
0 3 environmental samples no rank Increases
0 3 unclassified Bifidobacterium no rank Increases
0 1 Fusobacteriales order Increases
1 0 Fusobacteriota phylum Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O119 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O43 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O155 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O177 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O3 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O5 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O86 serogroup Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O139:H28 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H4 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O9:H10 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O83:H1 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O104:H4 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O167:H26 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H2 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O45:H2 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H- serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:H16 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O10:H32 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O89m:H10 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O8:H8 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:K2:H1 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O44:H18 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O39:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O15:H18 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O152:H23 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:K2:H1 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O125ac:K+:H10 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:K1 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:H1 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O25:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:H42 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O7:H4 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O2:H6 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O126:H45 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H28 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26:H11 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O99:H6 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O112ab:H8 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O150:H6 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli H20 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O113:H21 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H- serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O89m:H9 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O16:H6 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H7 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121:H19 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O100:H21 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O10:K5(L):H4 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H11 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O103:H25 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O104:H21 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H11 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O111:H8 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O112ac:H19 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O114:H49 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O118:H16 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O121:H7 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O123:H11 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O127:H27 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O127:H6 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O128:H2 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O128ac:H12 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:H25 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O145:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O146:H21 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O153:H2 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O156:H25 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:H43 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O157:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O165:H25 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H2 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H21 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O174:H8 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O176:H45 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O177:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O26:H1 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O28ac:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O29:H4 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O32:H37 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O6:H16:CFA/II serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O69:H11 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O78:H12 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O79:H7 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O81:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O86:H34 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91:H14 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O91:NM serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli ONT:H33 serotype Increases
0 1 Escherichia coli O1:HNT serotype Increases
0 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella quasipneumoniae species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella cf. planticola B43 species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella granulomatis species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella variicola species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella aerogenes species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella michiganensis species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella africana species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella pasteurii species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella grimontii species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella oxytoca species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella quasivariicola species Decreases
0 1 Klebsiella huaxiensis species Decreases
0 3 Bifidobacterium saguini species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus ultunensis species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium asteroides species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium subtile species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium pullorum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium animalis species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium scardovii species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium imperatoris species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium thermophilum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium lemurum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus helveticus species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium eulemuris species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus johnsonii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus amylolyticus species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium dentium species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium choerinum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus acetotolerans species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus amylovorus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus iners species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus taiwanensis species Increases
0 1 Megamonas rupellensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus crispatus species Increases
0 1 Megamonas hypermegale species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus intestinalis species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus acidophilus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus paragasseri species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus jensenii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus gasseri species Increases
0 2 [Lactobacillus] rogosae species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus alvei species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus animata species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus apis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus bombicola species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus brevisimilis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus equicursoris species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus faeni species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus fornicalis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus gallinarum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus gigeriorum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus guizhouensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus hamsteri species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus helsingborgensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus hominis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus intermedius species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus japonicus species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kalixensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kitasatonis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus kullabergensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus leichmannii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus letivazi species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus mulieris species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus panisapium species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus pasteurii species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus psittaci species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus rodentium species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus selangorensis species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus terrae species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus delbrueckii species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium angulatum species Increases
0 1 Megamonas funiformis species Increases
1 0 Akkermansia muciniphila species Increases
1 0 Escherichia coli species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium bifidum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium adolescentis species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium catenulatum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium aesculapii species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium avesanii species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium biavatii species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium bohemicum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium bombi species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium boum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium callitrichos species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium commune species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium coryneforme species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium cuniculi species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium faecale species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium gallicum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium indicum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium magnum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium merycicum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium minimum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium mongoliense species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium moukalabense species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium myosotis species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium porcinum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium reuteri species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium ruminantium species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium simiae species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium tissieri species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium tsurumiense species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium breve species Increases
0 3 Bifidobacterium longum species Increases
0 2 Lactobacillus casei group species group Increases
0 1 Akkermansia muciniphila CAG:154 strain Increases
0 1 Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 strain Increases

Impact of N-acetylneuraminic acid {Sialic acid} on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Acne 1.4 1.4
Addison's Disease (hypocortisolism) 0.5 0.5
ADHD 1.8 2.2 -0.22
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 3.2 1.2 1.67
Allergies 3.1 3.9 -0.26
Allergy to milk products 1.7 1.2 0.42
Alzheimer's disease 1.4 3.3 -1.36
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 1.8 2.7 -0.5
Ankylosing spondylitis 1.7 2.7 -0.59
Anorexia Nervosa 0.6 -0.6
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 0.5 0.6 -0.2
Asthma 2.9 2.3 0.26
Atherosclerosis 0.3 1.8 -5
Atrial fibrillation 1.7 1.2 0.42
Autism 6.7 3.9 0.72
Autoimmune Disease 1.3 1.2 0.08
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.6 -0.6
Biofilm 1 0.8 0.25
Bipolar Disorder 1.1 0.6 0.83
Brain Trauma 1.7 0.6 1.83
Breast Cancer 0.6 -0.6
Cancer (General) 1.3 1.3
Carcinoma 1.1 1.2 -0.09
Celiac Disease 4 2 1
Cerebral Palsy 0.9 -0.9
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1.7 1.8 -0.06
Chronic Kidney Disease 1.5 1.2 0.25
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 0.5 1.2 -1.4
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 0.6 1.2 -1
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 0.5 1.2 -1.4
Cognitive Function 1.4 2 -0.43
Colorectal Cancer 2.3 4.7 -1.04
Constipation 1.5 0.6 1.5
Coronary artery disease 0.6 1.2 -1
COVID-19 4.5 4.5 0
Crohn's Disease 3.6 3.8 -0.06
cystic fibrosis 1.3 1.2 0.08
d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) 1.6 -1.6
deep vein thrombosis 0.6 1.5 -1.5
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts 0.6 0 0
Depression 5.4 4.7 0.15
Dermatomyositis 0.6 0.6
Eczema 1 0.7 0.43
Endometriosis 1.5 2.4 -0.6
Epilepsy 2.7 3.9 -0.44
erectile dysfunction 0.6 1.2 -1
Fibromyalgia 1.2 1.2 0
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 3.2 2.9 0.1
gallstone disease (gsd) 1.9 1.3 0.46
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 0.2 1.2 -5
Generalized anxiety disorder 1.5 1.5 0
Gout 0.3 0.6 -1
Graves' disease 1.8 1.8 0
Gulf War Syndrome 2 0 0
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 2.7 1.4 0.93
Heart Failure 2 2.4 -0.2
hemorrhagic stroke 0.6 -0.6
High Histamine/low DAO 1.7 1.2 0.42
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.6 1.2 -1
hyperglycemia 2.1 1.2 0.75
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) 0.8 0.9 -0.13
hypersomnia 0.5 0.5
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 2.9 4.4 -0.52
Hypothyroidism 0.6 0.3 1
Hypoxia 2.2 2.7 -0.23
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 1.2 1.2
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 4 3.3 0.21
Insomnia 1.5 0.7 1.14
Intelligence 0.6 -0.6
Intracranial aneurysms 1.8 1.8
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 2.6 3.8 -0.46
ischemic stroke 1 3.1 -2.1
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 0.6 -0.6
Liver Cirrhosis 3.3 3.9 -0.18
Long COVID 2.3 4.6 -1
Lung Cancer 0.6 0.6 0
Lymphoma 0.6 -0.6
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 1.3 0.6 1.17
ME/CFS with IBS 0.6 0.6
ME/CFS without IBS 0.6 0.6
Menopause 1 0.7 0.43
Metabolic Syndrome 4.6 4.2 0.1
Mood Disorders 5.4 4.3 0.26
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.9 -0.9
Multiple Sclerosis 2.2 3.1 -0.41
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 1.9 1.5 0.27
myasthenia gravis 0.5 0.6 -0.2
neuropathic pain 0.3 0.3
Neuropathy (all types) 0.6 0.9 -0.5
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) 0.6 -0.6
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 4 3.1 0.29
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 1.2 1.2 0
Obesity 3.8 5.6 -0.47
obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.8 1.2 1.33
Osteoarthritis 1.5 0.6 1.5
Osteoporosis 2.6 2.4 0.08
Parkinson's Disease 3.8 4.3 -0.13
Polycystic ovary syndrome 1.5 1.8 -0.2
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0.6 0.6
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 0.6 -0.6
primary biliary cholangitis 0.6 -0.6
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 0.5 1.8 -2.6
Psoriasis 0.6 2.7 -3.5
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 2.9 3.3 -0.14
Rosacea 0.6 0.6 0
Schizophrenia 2.1 4.1 -0.95
scoliosis 0.6 -0.6
sensorineural hearing loss 0.5 0.5
Sjögren syndrome 0.8 0.8 0
Sleep Apnea 1.2 -1.2
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 1.2 0.6 1
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 1.4 1.2 0.17
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 1.2 2.1 -0.75
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 2.6 1.2 1.17
Tic Disorder 0.6 0.6
Tourette syndrome 0.6 0.3 1
Type 1 Diabetes 2.6 1.8 0.44
Type 2 Diabetes 4.5 3.7 0.22
Ulcerative colitis 3.6 2.6 0.38
Unhealthy Ageing 1.7 1.2 0.42
Vitiligo 0.9 1.2 -0.33

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