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🍽️ Trihexyphenidyl-D,L Hydrochloride

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  1. Parkinson's Disease:

    • Trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride is indicated for the management of symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, including tremors, muscle stiffness, and difficulties with movement.
    • It acts as an anticholinergic agent by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in motor control. By reducing the activity of acetylcholine, trihexyphenidyl helps to rebalance neurotransmitter levels in the brain, alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms.

  2. Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS):

    • Trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride is also used to manage extrapyramidal symptoms induced by certain antipsychotic medications, such as dystonia, akathisia, and drug-induced parkinsonism.
    • Antipsychotic drugs can disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to abnormal muscle movements. Trihexyphenidyl helps counteract these effects by blocking the action of acetylcholine, thereby reducing EPS.

  3. Dosage and Administration:

    • Trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride is typically available in tablet form for oral administration.
    • The dosage may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and individual patient response. It is usually initiated at a low dose and titrated upward gradually to achieve optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects.
    • Patients should follow the dosage instructions provided by their healthcare provider and avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication.

  4. Adverse Effects:

    • Common side effects of trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride may include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion.
    • Elderly patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects such as confusion and hallucinations.
    • Serious side effects such as tachycardia, psychosis, agitation, and hypersensitivity reactions are rare but can occur.

  5. Contraindications and Precautions:

    • Trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with a history of narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, prostatic hypertrophy, or gastrointestinal obstruction.
    • It should be avoided or used at lower doses in elderly patients due to the increased risk of adverse effects.
    • Patients should be monitored regularly for signs of adverse effects, and any concerns should be reported to the healthcare provider promptly.

  6. Drug Interactions:

    • Trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride may interact with other medications, including antipsychotics, anticholinergics, and certain antidepressants, leading to increased side effects or reduced effectiveness.
    • Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking before starting trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride to avoid potential interactions.

  7. Long-Term Use:

    • Long-term use of trihexyphenidyl-D,L hydrochloride may lead to tolerance, necessitating dose adjustments or discontinuation of the medication.
    • Patients should undergo regular monitoring by their healthcare provider to assess the ongoing need for treatment and adjust the dosage as needed.
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Check for interactions on Supp.AI   |   📚 PubMed Citations

⚗️ Compensation for antibiotic usage

Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

Impacted of Trihexyphenidyl-D,L Hydrochloride On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
species Akkermansia muciniphila Reduces
species Parabacteroides distasonis Reduces

Bacteria Impacted by Trihexyphenidyl-D,L Hydrochloride

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

🧙?

📓 Direct Citations 👪👶 Indirect Citations Taxonomy Rank Effect
0 1 Akkermansiaceae family Decreases
0 1 Lacrimispora genus Decreases
0 1 Phocaeicola genus Decreases
0 1 Parabacteroides genus Decreases
0 1 Agathobacter genus Decreases
0 1 Mediterraneibacter genus Decreases
1 0 Akkermansia genus Decreases
0 1 Bacteroides genus Decreases
0 1 Blautia genus Decreases
0 1 Coprococcus genus Decreases
0 1 environmental samples no rank Decreases
0 1 unclassified Akkermansia no rank Decreases
1 0 Lacrimispora saccharolytica species Decreases
1 0 Phocaeicola vulgatus species Decreases
1 0 Parabacteroides distasonis species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species Decreases
1 0 Agathobacter rectalis species Decreases
1 0 Mediterraneibacter gnavus species Decreases
1 0 Akkermansia muciniphila species Decreases
1 0 Blautia obeum species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides fragilis species Decreases
0 1 Akkermansia glycaniphila species Decreases
0 1 Akkermansia massiliensis species Decreases
0 1 Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium species Decreases
1 0 Coprococcus comes species Decreases

Impact of Trihexyphenidyl-D,L Hydrochloride on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 0.3 0.3
ADHD 0.3 0 0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma 0.1 -0.1
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 0.5 0.1 4
Allergies 0.6 0.4 0.5
Allergy to milk products 0.3 0.2 0.5
Alopecia (Hair Loss) 0.4 0.4
Alzheimer's disease 0.7 0.7 0
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 0.4 0.2 1
Ankylosing spondylitis 0.6 0.3 1
Anorexia Nervosa 0.2 0.4 -1
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 0.3 0.3
Asthma 0.3 0.4 -0.33
Atherosclerosis 0.2 0.1 1
Atrial fibrillation 0.5 0.5 0
Autism 1.4 1.7 -0.21
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.1 -0.1
Biofilm 0.2 0.2
Bipolar Disorder 0.2 0 0
Brain Trauma 0.1 -0.1
Carcinoma 0.3 0.3 0
Celiac Disease 0.6 0.4 0.5
Cerebral Palsy 0.2 0.2 0
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 0.4 1.3 -2.25
Chronic Kidney Disease 0.4 0.4 0
Chronic Lyme 0.1 -0.1
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 0 0 0
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 0.3 -0.3
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 0.1 0.1 0
Cognitive Function 0.2 0.2
Colorectal Cancer 1.3 0.5 1.6
Constipation 0.6 0.1 5
Coronary artery disease 0.3 0.5 -0.67
COVID-19 1.4 2 -0.43
Crohn's Disease 1.5 1 0.5
Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) 0.6 -0.6
cystic fibrosis 0.2 -0.2
deep vein thrombosis 0.2 0.1 1
Depression 1.3 1.1 0.18
Eczema 0.2 0.1 1
Endometriosis 0.3 0 0
Epilepsy 0.3 0.6 -1
erectile dysfunction 0.1 0.1
Fibromyalgia 0.2 0.1 1
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 0.8 0.4 1
gallstone disease (gsd) 0.5 0.1 4
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 0.5 0.2 1.5
Generalized anxiety disorder 0.5 0.2 1.5
Gout 0.2 0.1 1
Graves' disease 0.2 0.2 0
Gulf War Syndrome 0.1 0.6 -5
Halitosis 0.1 0.1
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 0.3 0.2 0.5
Heart Failure 0.4 0.5 -0.25
hemorrhagic stroke 0.1 0.1
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 0.1 0.1
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.2 -0.2
hyperglycemia 0 0.6 0
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) 0.1 0.1
hypersomnia 0.1 -0.1
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 0.6 0.6 0
Hypothyroidism 0.1 0.1 0
Hypoxia 0.3 0.3
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 0.2 0.5 -1.5
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1.1 1.4 -0.27
Insomnia 0.2 0.6 -2
Intelligence 0.1 0.1
Intracranial aneurysms 0.3 0 0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1 1 0
ischemic stroke 0.3 0.2 0.5
Liver Cirrhosis 0.6 0.4 0.5
Long COVID 1.5 1 0.5
Low bone mineral density 0 0
Lung Cancer 0.3 -0.3
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 0 0
ME/CFS with IBS 0.3 -0.3
ME/CFS without IBS 0.2 0.4 -1
Menopause 0.1 -0.1
Metabolic Syndrome 0.7 1.2 -0.71
Mood Disorders 1 1 0
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.1 0.1 0
Multiple Sclerosis 1 1 0
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 0.3 0.1 2
neuropathic pain 0.3 -0.3
Neuropathy (all types) 0.2 0.1 1
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 0.2 0.9 -3.5
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 0.4 0.1 3
Obesity 0.9 0.9 0
obsessive-compulsive disorder 0.9 0.7 0.29
Osteoarthritis 0.4 0.2 1
Osteoporosis 0.1 0.4 -3
Parkinson's Disease 0.8 1.3 -0.63
Polycystic ovary syndrome 1.5 0.3 4
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0 0
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 0.1 0.1 0
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 0.2 0.9 -3.5
Psoriasis 0.3 1 -2.33
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 0.6 0.5 0.2
Schizophrenia 0.5 0.4 0.25
scoliosis 0 0
Sjögren syndrome 0.2 0.5 -1.5
Sleep Apnea 0.1 0.2 -1
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 0.1 0.1
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 0.1 0.1
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 0.3 0.4 -0.33
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 0.6 0.7 -0.17
Tic Disorder 0.5 0.5
Tourette syndrome 0.1 0.1 0
Type 1 Diabetes 0.9 0.6 0.5
Type 2 Diabetes 1.5 1.4 0.07
Ulcerative colitis 0.9 1.4 -0.56
Unhealthy Ageing 0.8 0.5 0.6
Vitiligo 0.3 0.3 0

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