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🍽️ troglitazone,(prescription)

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  1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

    • Glucose Control: Troglitazone belongs to a class of medications known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) or glitazones. It works by increasing the sensitivity of the body's cells to insulin, thereby improving glucose utilization and reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  2. Insulin Sensitization:

    • Improvement of Insulin Resistance: Troglitazone targets insulin resistance, a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus, by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARΞ³) in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. This action enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake and utilization in these tissues.

  3. Management of Lipid Abnormalities:

    • Lipid Profile Improvement: Troglitazone has been shown to have favorable effects on lipid metabolism, leading to reductions in triglycerides and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in some patients with type 2 diabetes.

  4. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD):

    • Hepatic Steatosis: Troglitazone was also investigated for its potential benefit in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its ability to reduce hepatic fat accumulation. However, its use in this condition is limited by safety concerns.

  5. Adverse Effects:

    • Hepatotoxicity: Troglitazone was withdrawn from the market due to reports of severe hepatotoxicity, including cases of liver failure and death. The risk of liver injury associated with troglitazone led to its removal from the market and discontinuation of its use in clinical practice.
    • Fluid Retention: Like other TZDs, troglitazone can cause fluid retention, which may manifest as peripheral edema or exacerbation of heart failure symptoms in susceptible individuals.
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Data Contradictions β€” Limits of Certainity

Impacted of troglitazone,(prescription) On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
genus Bifidobacterium Reduces
species Bacteroides uniformis Reduces
species Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reduces
species Bifidobacterium longum Reduces
species Parabacteroides distasonis Reduces
subspecies Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Reduces
subspecies Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Reduces

Bacteria Impacted by troglitazone,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

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πŸ““ Direct Citations πŸ‘ͺπŸ‘Ά Indirect Citations Taxonomy Rank Effect
0 1 Dorea genus Decreases
0 1 Roseburia genus Decreases
0 1 Parabacteroides genus Decreases
0 1 Ruminococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Agathobacter genus Decreases
0 1 Bacteroides genus Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium genus Decreases
0 1 Clostridioides genus Decreases
0 1 Collinsella genus Decreases
0 1 Coprococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Eggerthella genus Decreases
0 1 Lachnospira genus Decreases
0 1 Lacrimispora genus Decreases
0 1 Mediterraneibacter genus Decreases
0 1 Odoribacter genus Decreases
0 1 Phocaeicola genus Decreases
0 1 Streptococcus genus Decreases
0 1 Clostridium genus Decreases
0 1 Segatella genus Decreases
0 1 Enterocloster genus Decreases
0 1 Blautia genus Decreases
0 1 Thomasclavelia genus Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens A no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens C no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens CPE no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens D no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens B no rank Decreases
0 1 Clostridium perfringens E no rank Decreases
1 0 Enterocloster bolteae species Decreases
1 0 [Ruminococcus] torques species Decreases
1 0 Agathobacter rectalis species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides caccae species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides fragilis species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides ovatus species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides uniformis species Decreases
1 0 Bacteroides xylanisolvens species Decreases
1 0 Bifidobacterium longum species Decreases
1 0 Blautia obeum species Decreases
1 0 Clostridioides difficile species Decreases
1 0 Clostridium perfringens species Decreases
1 0 Coprococcus comes species Decreases
1 0 Eggerthella lenta species Decreases
1 0 Lachnospira eligens species Decreases
1 0 Lacrimispora saccharolytica species Decreases
1 0 Mediterraneibacter gnavus species Decreases
1 0 Odoribacter splanchnicus species Decreases
1 0 Parabacteroides distasonis species Decreases
1 0 Phocaeicola vulgatus species Decreases
1 0 Roseburia intestinalis species Decreases
1 0 Ruminococcus bromii species Decreases
1 0 Segatella copri species Decreases
1 0 Streptococcus parasanguinis species Decreases
1 0 Streptococcus salivarius species Decreases
1 0 Thomasclavelia ramosa species Decreases
1 0 Collinsella aerofaciens species Decreases
1 0 Parabacteroides merdae species Decreases
1 0 Dorea formicigenerans species Decreases
1 0 Bifidobacterium adolescentis species Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum subspecies Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis subspecies Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis subspecies Decreases
0 1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum subspecies Decreases

Impact of troglitazone,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 0.6 0.6
Acne 0.3 -0.3
ADHD 4.3 0.6 6.17
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma 1.1 0.4 1.75
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 2.8 1.9 0.47
Allergies 4.7 2.4 0.96
Allergy to milk products 1.4 1 0.4
Alopecia (Hair Loss) 1.6 1.6
Alzheimer's disease 4.6 6.2 -0.35
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 2.6 0.3 7.67
Ankylosing spondylitis 3.4 1.5 1.27
Anorexia Nervosa 1.6 3.2 -1
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 1.5 1.5
Asthma 5.3 1.5 2.53
Atherosclerosis 1.8 1.9 -0.06
Atrial fibrillation 3.8 2.2 0.73
Autism 9.7 8.2 0.18
Autoimmune Disease 0.6 1 -0.67
Barrett esophagus cancer 0.3 -0.3
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.3 -0.3
Biofilm 1.5 1.5
Bipolar Disorder 1.5 1.4 0.07
Brain Trauma 0.9 1.4 -0.56
Cancer (General) 0.3 2.3 -6.67
Carcinoma 3.2 2.6 0.23
Celiac Disease 2.7 3.2 -0.19
Cerebral Palsy 1.1 1.3 -0.18
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 5.5 6 -0.09
Chronic Kidney Disease 4.3 2.6 0.65
Chronic Lyme 0.6 0.8 -0.33
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1.8 1.4 0.29
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 0.5 1.2 -1.4
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 0.7 1.3 -0.86
Cognitive Function 2.5 1.6 0.56
Colorectal Cancer 5.7 2.2 1.59
Constipation 1.5 0.7 1.14
Coronary artery disease 1.8 2.7 -0.5
COVID-19 8.3 12.9 -0.55
Crohn's Disease 7.2 5.5 0.31
Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) 0.9 -0.9
cystic fibrosis 1.4 -1.4
deep vein thrombosis 0.9 1.4 -0.56
Denture Wearers Oral Shifts 0.9 0.9
Depression 10.1 7.3 0.38
Dermatomyositis 0.3 0.3 0
Eczema 1.1 2.1 -0.91
Endometriosis 2.3 1.7 0.35
Eosinophilic Esophagitis 0.3 -0.3
Epilepsy 2.5 1.3 0.92
erectile dysfunction 0.5 0.3 0.67
Fibromyalgia 3.3 2.6 0.27
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 5.7 4.9 0.16
gallstone disease (gsd) 2.8 0.8 2.5
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 1.2 1.2 0
Generalized anxiety disorder 1.9 2 -0.05
giant cell arteritis 0.2 -0.2
Glioblastoma 0.3 -0.3
Gout 2.1 0.5 3.2
Graves' disease 1.6 2.7 -0.69
Gulf War Syndrome 0.9 1.5 -0.67
Halitosis 0.6 0.3 1
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 3.3 1.5 1.2
Heart Failure 3.6 1.9 0.89
hemorrhagic stroke 1 1
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 0.9 0.9
High Histamine/low DAO 1.3 0.6 1.17
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.5 0.5
hyperglycemia 0.6 1.1 -0.83
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) 0.6 0.3 1
hypersomnia 0.4 -0.4
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 3.7 4.9 -0.32
Hypothyroidism 1 -1
Hypoxia 2.4 0.3 7
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 1.6 4.6 -1.87
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 7.5 8.6 -0.15
Insomnia 2.2 2.1 0.05
Intelligence 1.4 0.6 1.33
Intracranial aneurysms 1.2 0.6 1
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 6.1 5 0.22
ischemic stroke 2.3 1.1 1.09
Liver Cirrhosis 5.4 2.8 0.93
Long COVID 7.1 7.6 -0.07
Low bone mineral density 1.1 -1.1
Lung Cancer 0.6 1 -0.67
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 0.3 0.9 -2
ME/CFS with IBS 1.2 2 -0.67
ME/CFS without IBS 2 1.9 0.05
membranous nephropathy 0.3 0.3
Menopause 1.6 0.5 2.2
Metabolic Syndrome 6.5 6.5 0
Mood Disorders 9.5 6.4 0.48
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.9 0.1 8
Multiple Sclerosis 6.6 6.6 0
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 0.6 0.7 -0.17
myasthenia gravis 0.3 0.7 -1.33
neuropathic pain 0.3 2.5 -7.33
Neuropathy (all types) 0.7 1.6 -1.29
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) 0.6 0.6
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 5 4.3 0.16
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 1.3 0.6 1.17
Obesity 8.2 6.9 0.19
obsessive-compulsive disorder 5.5 4.2 0.31
Osteoarthritis 2.7 1.2 1.25
Osteoporosis 1.6 1.3 0.23
pancreatic cancer 0.6 0.3 1
Parkinson's Disease 7.3 7.1 0.03
Polycystic ovary syndrome 6.6 2.9 1.28
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0.2 0.6 -2
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 0.7 0.4 0.75
primary biliary cholangitis 0.9 1.4 -0.56
Primary sclerosing cholangitis 1.8 3.2 -0.78
Psoriasis 2.5 3.4 -0.36
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 7.1 4.1 0.73
Rosacea 1.2 0.7 0.71
Schizophrenia 5.3 2.8 0.89
scoliosis 0.3 0.9 -2
Sjögren syndrome 1.7 2.7 -0.59
Sleep Apnea 1.9 1.8 0.06
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 0.6 0.3 1
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 1.1 0.6 0.83
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 2.3 2.7 -0.17
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 3.4 2.4 0.42
Tic Disorder 1.5 1.8 -0.2
Tourette syndrome 0.9 0.3 2
Type 1 Diabetes 3.3 3.9 -0.18
Type 2 Diabetes 8.1 6.2 0.31
Ulcerative colitis 4.9 6.8 -0.39
Unhealthy Ageing 5.4 2.4 1.25
Vitiligo 2.5 1.5 0.67

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