AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antifungal Activity: Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes. This action disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death and clearance of the infection. It is effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds.
Fungal Skin Infections: Ketoconazole is commonly prescribed for the treatment of fungal skin infections such as tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea versicolor (a fungal infection that affects the skin's coloration). It helps alleviate symptoms like itching, redness, and scaling associated with these infections.
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Ketoconazole is also used to manage seborrheic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches on the scalp, face, and other areas rich in sebaceous glands. It helps control the growth of Malassezia yeasts, which are believed to contribute to the development of seborrheic dermatitis.
Dandruff: Ketoconazole-containing shampoos are available over the counter for the treatment of dandruff caused by Malassezia yeasts. Regular use of ketoconazole shampoo can help reduce flaking, itching, and inflammation associated with dandruff.
Oral and Systemic Infections: In addition to topical formulations, ketoconazole is available in oral tablets for the treatment of systemic fungal infections such as candidiasis (yeast infection), histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. Oral ketoconazole is reserved for severe or recurrent infections that do not respond to topical treatments or for infections that affect internal organs.
Off-label Uses: Ketoconazole may be used off-label for the treatment of other conditions, including fungal infections of the nails (onychomycosis), pityriasis versicolor, and as part of combination therapy for conditions like chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of ketoconazole may include skin irritation, burning, itching, dryness, and rash at the application site. Oral ketoconazole can cause gastrointestinal upset, headache, dizziness, and liver enzyme abnormalities. Rare but serious adverse effects include hepatotoxicity (liver damage) and adrenal insufficiency.
Precautions: Ketoconazole should be used with caution in individuals with liver disease, impaired adrenal function, or a history of hypersensitivity reactions to azole antifungal agents. Long-term or high-dose use of oral ketoconazole should be avoided due to the risk of serious side effects.
Drug Interactions: Ketoconazole can interact with a wide range of medications, including certain anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, statins, and immunosuppressants. It may increase the risk of adverse effects or alter the metabolism of co-administered drugs.
Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of ketoconazole use during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been well established. Pregnant or nursing women should consult their healthcare providers before using ketoconazole to weigh the potential benefits against the risks.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| ADHD | 4.5 | 0.9 | 4 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3.4 | 2.2 | 0.55 |
| Allergies | 8 | 4.2 | 0.9 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 8 | 7.1 | 0.13 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 4.6 | 1.4 | 2.29 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 4.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.6 | 3.2 | -1 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.8 | 0.3 | 5 |
| Asthma | 5.8 | 2 | 1.9 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2.6 | 2.8 | -0.08 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.7 | 3 | 0.23 |
| Autism | 10.6 | 9.7 | 0.09 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 2.3 | 2.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.71 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | 2.7 | -3.5 |
| Carcinoma | 4.8 | 2.6 | 0.85 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.1 | 2.9 | 0.07 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.1 | 1.3 | -0.18 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 6 | 6.9 | -0.15 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 4.7 | 2.8 | 0.68 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0.59 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.55 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Cognitive Function | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.25 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 9.1 | 3.1 | 1.94 |
| Constipation | 2.6 | 1.6 | 0.63 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.9 | 2.6 | 0.12 |
| COVID-19 | 10.2 | 13.2 | -0.29 |
| Crohn's Disease | 10.4 | 6.2 | 0.68 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 1.9 | -0.58 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 3.4 | 1.4 | 1.43 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Depression | 11.8 | 8.7 | 0.36 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 2.5 | 2.9 | -0.16 |
| Endometriosis | 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.52 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 3.8 | 1.7 | 1.24 |
| erectile dysfunction | 2.5 | 0.3 | 7.33 |
| Fibromyalgia | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0.03 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 6.1 | 4.7 | 0.3 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 4 | 1.1 | 2.64 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.3 | 1.9 | 0.74 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.27 |
| Graves' disease | 1.6 | 3 | -0.88 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Halitosis | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1 |
| Heart Failure | 5.3 | 2.4 | 1.21 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| hyperglycemia | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.36 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 4.7 | 5.2 | -0.11 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1 | -1 | |
| Hypoxia | 3.5 | 0.8 | 3.38 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.9 | 4.3 | -1.26 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 10.1 | 9.4 | 0.07 |
| Insomnia | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.05 |
| Intelligence | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.56 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 7.5 | 4.9 | 0.53 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 7.3 | 3.9 | 0.87 |
| Long COVID | 7.3 | 8 | -0.1 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.9 | 2.4 | -1.67 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 2 | 2.4 | -0.2 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 8.4 | 7.3 | 0.15 |
| Mood Disorders | 10.5 | 7.5 | 0.4 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 7.2 | 6.8 | 0.06 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3 | -9 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.7 | 2.8 | -3 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 6.3 | 4.2 | 0.5 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Obesity | 11.5 | 8.5 | 0.35 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 6.4 | 4.2 | 0.52 |
| Osteoarthritis | 3.2 | 1.8 | 0.78 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| pancreatic cancer | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 8.5 | 9.4 | -0.11 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 7.8 | 3.2 | 1.44 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.9 | 3.2 | -0.68 |
| Psoriasis | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.06 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 8.3 | 4.3 | 0.93 |
| Rosacea | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Schizophrenia | 6.3 | 2.8 | 1.25 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.3 | 3.2 | -0.39 |
| Sleep Apnea | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.22 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.2 | 2.7 | 0.19 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 4.5 | 2.3 | 0.96 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.4 | 1.7 | -0.21 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 5.3 | 3.8 | 0.39 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 10.1 | 7.8 | 0.29 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 6.3 | 6.9 | -0.1 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 5.9 | 2.4 | 1.46 |
| Vitiligo | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
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