🍽️ aprepitant,(prescription)

Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV): Aprepitant is effective in preventing both acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (chemotherapy that is likely to cause severe nausea and vomiting) as well as moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV): Aprepitant can also be used to prevent nausea and vomiting following surgery.

NK1 Receptor Antagonist: Aprepitant works by blocking the action of substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in the vomiting reflex, at the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor in the brain.

Multiple Dosage Forms: Aprepitant is available in oral (capsule) and intravenous (IV) formulations. The oral form is typically taken before chemotherapy or surgery, while the IV form may be administered in a healthcare setting.

Three-Day Regimen: Aprepitant is often prescribed as part of a three-day regimen, with the first dose taken prior to chemotherapy or surgery, followed by additional doses on subsequent days to provide continued protection against nausea and vomiting.

Combination Therapy: Aprepitant is frequently used in combination with other antiemetic medications, such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., ondansetron) and corticosteroids, to further enhance its antiemetic effects.

Well-Tolerated: Aprepitant is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including fatigue, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea, headache, and changes in taste perception.

Drug Interactions: Aprepitant may interact with certain medications, particularly those metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. It can increase the blood levels of drugs such as warfarin, dexamethasone, and hormonal contraceptives, potentially leading to an increased risk of side effects.

Special Populations: Aprepitant should be used with caution in patients with liver impairment, as it is primarily metabolized by the liver. Dose adjustments may be necessary in these patients.

Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of aprepitant during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been well-established. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus, and breastfeeding should be avoided during treatment.