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Diagnostic Imaging Enhancement: Iohexol is primarily used to improve the visibility of blood vessels, organs, and tissues during radiographic procedures. It helps to enhance the contrast between different structures, facilitating the diagnosis of various medical conditions.
Contrast Enhancement: When injected intravenously or administered orally, iohexol circulates through the bloodstream or gastrointestinal tract and accumulates in areas of interest, providing contrast enhancement that allows radiologists to visualize structures more clearly. This is particularly useful in detecting abnormalities such as tumors, lesions, or vascular defects.
Adverse Reactions: Like other iodinated contrast agents, iohexol can cause adverse reactions in some individuals. Common side effects may include:
Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to iohexol are possible but uncommon. Some individuals may experience mild allergic symptoms such as rash, itching, or swelling. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis may occur, which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.
Renal Effects: Iohexol, like other iodinated contrast agents, can potentially cause kidney damage, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or other risk factors. This adverse effect is known as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and is characterized by a temporary decrease in kidney function following contrast exposure. Patients with impaired renal function should be closely monitored, and precautions may be taken to minimize the risk of CIN.
Thyroid Effects: Iohexol contains iodine, which can affect thyroid function. Patients with thyroid disorders or those at risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction should be monitored carefully.
Precautions: Healthcare providers should assess patients for any history of allergies, asthma, kidney disease, or thyroid disorders before administering iohexol. Special precautions may be necessary for vulnerable populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women and pediatric patients.
Contrast Extravasation: In rare cases, iohexol may extravasate (leak) from the injection site into surrounding tissues, leading to tissue irritation or damage. Prompt recognition and management of extravasation events are essential to minimize potential complications.
Contraindications: Iohexol is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast agents and in those with severe renal impairment, unless the benefits outweigh the risks.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Anaerobutyricum hallii | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium breve | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Blautia wexlerae | Reduces |
| species | Christensenella minuta | Reduces |
| species | Enterococcus faecium | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Lactococcus cremoris | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridioides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parolsenella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Olsenella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Odoribacter | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridioides difficile | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum hallii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea longicatena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus catus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia sp. SC05B48 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter oboediens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia hejianensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus ruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parolsenella catena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parolsenella massiliensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum variabile | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia liquoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Christensenella minuta | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia argi | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia rectibacter | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium ventriosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Qiania dongpingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella stercoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalitalea cylindroides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. SY8519 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] lactaris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. M62/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia equolifaciens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacillus intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fannyhessea vaginae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Massilistercora timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerostipes hadrus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Maliibacterium massiliense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium duncaniae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacillus paralicheniformis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinibaculum porci | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Longicatena caecimuris | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus parasanguinis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium mitsuokai | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lactococcus cremoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium angulatum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Marvinbryantia formatexigens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoclostridium phocaeense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Clostridium] hylemonae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus gauvreauii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces naeslundii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium cadaveris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus eutactus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus suis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces oris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia hattorii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Olsenella sp. oral taxon 807 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I2-3-92 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. IP-3-29 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium sp. co_0103 | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. MSJ-33 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Solibaculum mannosilyticum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia wexlerae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium breve | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia parvula | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parvimonas micra | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus sp. ART55/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mogibacterium diversum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema peruense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Vescimonas fastidiosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema denticola | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Corynebacterium durum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium limosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibaculum rodentium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-89 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Acutalibacter muris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. c-25 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterococcus faecium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella guodeyinii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parafannyhessea umbonata | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia ilealis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I4-1-79 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wujia chipingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phoenicibacter congonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium callanderi | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Monoglobus pectinilyticus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterococcus cecorum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus sp. HSISM1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus sp. LPB0220 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus champanellensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Eubacterium] hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. HTF-F | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I4-3-84 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus albus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bovis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerostipes caccae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyricicoccus sp. GAM44 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-33 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces sp. oral taxon 171 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bicirculans (ex Wegman et al. 2014) | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces sp. oral taxon 169 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium maltosivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Emergencia timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia pseudococcoides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerotruncus colihominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Flintibacter sp. KGMB00164 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Turicibacter bilis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides ovatus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Odoribacter splanchnicus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| ADHD | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.09 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1 | 1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.31 |
| Allergies | 3.5 | 1.1 | 2.18 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.1 | 0.1 | 10 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.1 | 4.3 | -1.05 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.2 | 0.2 | 5 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.6 | 1.6 | -1.67 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Asthma | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.1 | 1 | 1.1 |
| Autism | 5 | 3.8 | 0.32 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Biofilm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.1 | 1.1 | -10 |
| Carcinoma | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.1 | 1.5 | -0.36 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.5 | 4.3 | -0.72 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 2.7 | 3 | -0.11 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 1.3 | -12 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0 |
| Constipation | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 | 2.5 | -0.25 |
| COVID-19 | 4.3 | 8.3 | -0.93 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.6 | 3.7 | -0.03 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.4 | -1.4 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Depression | 4.7 | 6.5 | -0.38 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Eczema | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Endometriosis | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 1.1 | -10 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Graves' disease | 0.9 | 2.2 | -1.44 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
| Halitosis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.56 |
| Heart Failure | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.9 | 2.9 | -0.53 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 1.3 | -12 |
| Hypoxia | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.4 | 1.9 | -3.75 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 3 | 6.4 | -1.13 |
| Insomnia | 1.5 | 1.8 | -0.2 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.9 | 2.2 | 0.32 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 3.2 | 1.9 | 0.68 |
| Long COVID | 3.8 | 5.9 | -0.55 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.5 | -1.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 2.6 | -7.67 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.08 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Menopause | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 4.2 | 3.8 | 0.11 |
| Mood Disorders | 4.7 | 5.3 | -0.13 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.7 | 3.3 | -0.22 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 2.3 | 3.8 | -0.65 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Obesity | 5.8 | 4.7 | 0.23 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2 | 2.9 | -0.45 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 4.8 | 4.9 | -0.02 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3 | 1.5 | 1 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.7 | 2.3 | -2.29 |
| Psoriasis | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 5.4 | 3.1 | 0.74 |
| Rosacea | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Schizophrenia | 3.3 | 1.9 | 0.74 |
| scoliosis | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.07 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.1 | 2 | -0.82 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.2 | 1.3 | -5.5 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.3 | 2.1 | -0.62 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 5 | 2.9 | 0.72 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.7 | 2.5 | -0.47 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.8 | 2 | 0.4 |
| Vitiligo | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
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