AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment: Disulfiram is most commonly prescribed to individuals with alcohol use disorder as a deterrent to drinking. By causing uncomfortable symptoms upon alcohol consumption, such as flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, palpitations, and sweating, disulfiram creates an aversion to alcohol. This discourages individuals from drinking alcohol while taking the medication and supports abstinence.
Supportive Therapy: Disulfiram is often used as part of a comprehensive treatment program for alcohol use disorder, which may include counseling, support groups, and other interventions aimed at promoting sobriety and addressing underlying psychological factors contributing to alcohol misuse.
Maintenance of Sobriety: For individuals who are motivated to maintain sobriety, disulfiram can be an effective tool to reinforce abstinence from alcohol. It provides a tangible consequence for drinking alcohol, which may help individuals resist the urge to relapse.
Psychological Support: In addition to its physiological effects on alcohol metabolism, disulfiram may also provide psychological support by reinforcing the commitment to sobriety and helping individuals develop coping strategies to manage cravings and triggers for alcohol use.
Liver Protection: Some studies suggest that disulfiram may have hepatoprotective effects, potentially reducing the risk of liver damage associated with chronic alcohol consumption. By discouraging alcohol intake, disulfiram may indirectly contribute to improved liver health in individuals with alcohol use disorder.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Increases |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Peptostreptococcaceae | family | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansiaceae | family | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Romboutsia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Collinsella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mediterraneibacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phocaeicola | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Veillonella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterocloster | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Thomasclavelia | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Akkermansia | genus | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens A | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens C | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens CPE | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Romboutsia | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens D | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens B | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium perfringens E | no rank | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | environmental samples | no rank | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | unclassified Akkermansia | no rank | Increases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Mediterraneibacter gnavus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Phocaeicola vulgatus | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Thomasclavelia ramosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia ilealis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Clostridium perfringens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Collinsella aerofaciens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus parasanguinis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Veillonella parvula | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bifidobacterium longum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalimicrobium dakarense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia lituseburensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia sedimentorum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides caccae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides uniformis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Enterocloster bolteae | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bacteroides xylanisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia glycaniphila | species | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia massiliensis | species | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | Candidatus Akkermansia intestinavium | species | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | Akkermansia muciniphila | species | Increases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suillum | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| ADHD | 3.2 | 0.6 | 4.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3.4 | 1.6 | 1.13 |
| Allergies | 4.9 | 3.6 | 0.36 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.4 | 1.6 | -0.14 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 3.4 | 6.3 | -0.85 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.33 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.8 | 2 | -0.11 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Asthma | 4.1 | 2 | 1.05 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.52 |
| Autism | 7.7 | 7.8 | -0.01 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.07 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 1.7 | -4.67 |
| Carcinoma | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.26 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.3 | 2.9 | 0.14 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.4 | 1.9 | -0.36 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.2 | 5 | -0.56 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.2 | 2.6 | 0.23 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 6 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.7 | 1.3 | -0.86 |
| Cognitive Function | 3 | 1.3 | 1.31 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 4.1 | 3.9 | 0.05 |
| Constipation | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.8 | 2.2 | -0.22 |
| COVID-19 | 6.7 | 9.6 | -0.43 |
| Crohn's Disease | 6.8 | 4.9 | 0.39 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.6 | -1.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Depression | 7.8 | 8.6 | -0.1 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| Endometriosis | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.64 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Epilepsy | 3.5 | 1.7 | 1.06 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.7 | 0.3 | 4.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.65 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 3.6 | 3.3 | 0.09 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 3.1 | 0.8 | 2.88 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.2 | 2.8 | -0.27 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Gout | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
| Graves' disease | 1.9 | 3.4 | -0.79 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 2.1 | 0.4 | 4.25 |
| Halitosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.5 | 1.5 | 1.33 |
| Heart Failure | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0.84 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1 | 1 | |
| Hemorrhoidal disease, Hemorrhoids, Piles | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| hyperglycemia | 1.5 | 1.7 | -0.13 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.7 | 4.9 | -0.32 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.3 | -1.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.09 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.3 | 2.7 | -1.08 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 6.3 | 7 | -0.11 |
| Insomnia | 3 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| Intelligence | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 5.8 | 5.2 | 0.12 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.05 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 6.3 | 4 | 0.57 |
| Long COVID | 6.3 | 6.8 | -0.08 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.6 | 1.8 | -2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.1 | 1.8 | -0.64 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6.6 | 6.9 | -0.05 |
| Mood Disorders | 7.5 | 8 | -0.07 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 5.4 | 6 | -0.11 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | 1.9 | -5.33 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.6 | 1.6 | -1.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.4 | 1.6 | -3 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.2 | 3.3 | 0.58 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Obesity | 8.6 | 7.5 | 0.15 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.2 | 3.4 | -0.06 |
| Osteoarthritis | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.33 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.8 | 1.3 | 1.15 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 4.1 | 7.5 | -0.83 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 5.3 | 3 | 0.77 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.2 | 2 | 0.1 |
| Psoriasis | 3.2 | 3.6 | -0.13 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 6.7 | 4.8 | 0.4 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Schizophrenia | 5.9 | 3.9 | 0.51 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.7 | 2.5 | -0.47 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.9 | 2.7 | 0.07 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.87 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 3.3 | 4.6 | -0.39 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 7.5 | 5.9 | 0.27 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5.9 | 4.1 | 0.44 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 3.9 | 2.2 | 0.77 |
| Vitiligo | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
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