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Treatment of Overactive Bladder (OAB): Darifenacin hydrobromide is a type of medication known as an antimuscarinic or anticholinergic agent. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in bladder muscle contractions. By reducing bladder muscle contractions, darifenacin helps to decrease the symptoms of overactive bladder, including urinary urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence.
Improvement of Urinary Symptoms: Darifenacin hydrobromide helps improve urinary symptoms associated with overactive bladder, such as the sudden and frequent urge to urinate, as well as episodes of urinary leakage (urge incontinence). By reducing bladder muscle contractions and increasing bladder capacity, darifenacin can help individuals regain control over their bladder function and improve their quality of life.
Side Effects: Like other medications in its class, darifenacin hydrobromide may cause certain side effects, including dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and difficulty urinating. Additionally, some individuals may experience cognitive issues such as confusion, memory impairment, or difficulty concentrating while taking darifenacin. These cognitive side effects are more common in elderly individuals or those with preexisting cognitive impairment.
Risk of Cognitive Issues: Darifenacin hydrobromide, like other antimuscarinic medications, has the potential to cause cognitive issues due to its effects on the central nervous system. Antimuscarinic agents can cross the blood-brain barrier and affect cognitive function, particularly in susceptible individuals. Older adults are at higher risk of experiencing cognitive side effects due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and increased sensitivity to anticholinergic medications.
Monitoring and Management: Healthcare providers prescribing darifenacin hydrobromide should carefully consider the potential risks and benefits, particularly in elderly patients or those with cognitive impairment. Regular monitoring of cognitive function and close communication with patients and caregivers are essential to detect and manage any cognitive issues that may arise during treatment with darifenacin hydrobromide.
Individualized Treatment Approach: When prescribing darifenacin hydrobromide, healthcare providers should take into account the patient's medical history, concomitant medications, cognitive status, and overall health status. In some cases, alternative treatment options may be considered for individuals at higher risk of cognitive side effects, such as behavioral therapies, lifestyle modifications, or other pharmacological treatments with a lower risk of cognitive impairment.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Anaerobutyricum hallii | Reduces |
| species | Blautia wexlerae | Reduces |
| species | Christensenella minuta | Reduces |
| species | Enterococcus faecium | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Lactococcus cremoris | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Agathobacter | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phocaeicola | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Leyella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Prevotella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eggerthella | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Coprococcus comes | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Segatella copri | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea longicatena | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus catus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia obeum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Dorea formicigenerans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wansuia hejianensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerobutyricum hallii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia sp. SC05B48 | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Phocaeicola vulgatus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Subdoligranulum variabile | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ligilactobacillus ruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Komagataeibacter oboediens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] lactaris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium ventriosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. M62/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus eutactus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Christensenella minuta | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia liquoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium sp. SY8519 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Coprococcus sp. ART55/1 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium mitsuokai | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium duncaniae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalitalea cylindroides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Vescimonas fastidiosa | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Massilistercora timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Maliibacterium massiliense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Segatella bryantii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. MSJ-33 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema peruense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Catenibacterium sp. co_0103 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Qiania dongpingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacillus intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Clostridium] hylemonae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I2-3-92 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus champanellensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. HTF-F | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I4-1-79 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. IP-3-29 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinibaculum porci | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Leyella stercorea | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridium cadaveris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerostipes hadrus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lactococcus cremoris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Vescimonas coprocola | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnoclostridium phocaeense | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Marvinbryantia formatexigens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus suis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Wujia chipingensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Longicatena caecimuris | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-89 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bicirculans (ex Wegman et al. 2014) | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mageeibacillus indolicus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. IP-1-18 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Solibaculum mannosilyticum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia equolifaciens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Chordicoccus furentiruminis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Oscillibacter hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Monoglobus pectinilyticus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus gauvreauii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I4-3-84 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia rectibacter | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Adlercreutzia hattorii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Roseburia intestinalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Fannyhessea vaginae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia wexlerae | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bacillus paralicheniformis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Acutalibacter muris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-33 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Intestinimonas butyriciproducens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Flintibacter sp. KGMB00164 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium sp. c-25 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Parvimonas micra | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Pusillibacter faecalis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterococcus cecorum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Faecalibaculum rodentium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Enterococcus faecium | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus bovis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Mogibacterium diversum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Simiaoa sunii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Treponema denticola | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Prevotella intermedia | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces oris | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lachnospira eligens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Emergencia timonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium limosum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Leyella lascolaii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Anaerotruncus colihominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruminococcus albus | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phascolarctobacterium sp. Marseille-Q4147 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Turicibacter bilis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Corynebacterium durum | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium maltosivorans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | [Eubacterium] hominis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Clostridioides difficile | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Eubacterium callanderi | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Olsenella sp. oral taxon 807 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Romboutsia ilealis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Butyricicoccus sp. GAM44 | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Paraprevotella clara | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Prevotella bivia | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Alistipes communis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Phoenicibacter congonensis | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Actinomyces naeslundii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Blautia pseudococcoides | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Prevotella dentalis | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Eggerthella lenta | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Ruminococcus bromii | species | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei | subspecies | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans | subspecies | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| ADHD | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Allergies | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.75 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.2 | 2.7 | -1.25 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Asthma | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
| Autism | 2.4 | 2.6 | -0.08 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Carcinoma | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.6 | 3.9 | -5.5 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1 | 1.9 | -0.9 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Cognitive Function | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.9 | 1.8 | -1 |
| COVID-19 | 1.9 | 5.7 | -2 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.5 | 1.9 | -0.27 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 1.9 | 3.4 | -0.79 |
| Endometriosis | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 1.2 | -1.4 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1 | 1.8 | -0.8 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.75 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Graves' disease | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Halitosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Heart Failure | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0 | 0 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.2 | 1.2 | -5 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.2 | 3.8 | -2.17 |
| Insomnia | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Intelligence | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| Long COVID | 2.2 | 2.4 | -0.09 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1 | -1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 2.3 | -2.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Menopause | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.7 | 2.6 | -0.53 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.9 | 2.6 | -1.89 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| neuropathic pain | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.4 | 1.9 | -0.36 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Obesity | 3 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.4 | 2.1 | -0.5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Osteoporosis | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.3 | 3.7 | -0.61 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.3 | 0.1 | 12 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.1 | 1.4 | -13 |
| Psoriasis | 0.5 | 1.7 | -2.4 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| scoliosis | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.4 | 1.5 | -2.75 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.1 | 2.2 | -1 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Vitiligo | 0 | 0.6 | 0 |
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