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🍽️ spiperone,(prescription)

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  1. Antipsychotic Effects: Spiperone is primarily used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It helps alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and agitation by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.

  2. Dopamine Receptor Blockade: Spiperone primarily antagonizes dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. By blocking these receptors, it reduces the activity of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with the regulation of mood, behavior, and perception. This action is thought to contribute to its antipsychotic effects.

  3. Extrapyramidal Side Effects: Like other typical antipsychotics, spiperone can cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), which are movement disorders characterized by symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, akathisia (restlessness), and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions). These side effects result from the blockade of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.

  4. Hyperprolactinemia: Spiperone can elevate prolactin levels by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary gland, which normally inhibit prolactin secretion. Increased prolactin levels may lead to side effects such as galactorrhea (milk discharge from the breasts), menstrual irregularities, and sexual dysfunction.

  5. Sedation: Spiperone, like other antipsychotics, may cause sedation or drowsiness, which can affect cognitive and psychomotor function. This sedative effect may be beneficial for patients experiencing agitation or insomnia but can also impair alertness and concentration.

  6. Orthostatic Hypotension: Spiperone can cause a drop in blood pressure upon standing up, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. This effect is primarily due to its antagonistic action on alpha1-adrenergic receptors, which regulate vascular tone.

  7. Anticholinergic Side Effects: Spiperone possesses anticholinergic properties, which can lead to side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and cognitive impairment. These effects result from the blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

  8. Metabolic Effects: Spiperone, like some other antipsychotics, may be associated with metabolic abnormalities such as weight gain, dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels), and glucose intolerance. These metabolic effects can increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

  9. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Although rare, spiperone, like other antipsychotics, may increase the risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction, and elevated creatine kinase levels.

  10. Tardive Dyskinesia: Long-term use of spiperone may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, especially involving the face, tongue, and limbs.

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βš—οΈ Compensation for antibiotic usage

Data Contradictions β€” Limits of Certainity

Impacted of spiperone,(prescription) On Probiotics

Bacteria Impacted by spiperone,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

Impact of spiperone,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

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