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Antibacterial Activity: 4-Aminosalicylic acid works by inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause TB. It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. When used as part of a multidrug regimen, 4-aminosalicylic acid can help to treat TB infections and prevent the development of drug resistance.
Side Effects: Like other antibiotics, 4-aminosalicylic acid can cause side effects. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, dizziness, and skin rash. Some individuals may also experience allergic reactions, including severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, although these are rare.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: 4-Aminosalicylic acid can cause hypersensitivity reactions in some individuals, particularly those with a history of allergies to sulfa drugs or related medications. Hypersensitivity reactions may include rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylaxis. Patients with a known allergy to 4-aminosalicylic acid or sulfa drugs should avoid medications containing 4-aminosalicylic acid.
Renal Impairment: 4-Aminosalicylic acid is primarily excreted by the kidneys, so patients with renal impairment may require dosage adjustments or closer monitoring to prevent drug accumulation and potential toxicity. Kidney function should be assessed before starting treatment with 4-aminosalicylic acid, and dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with impaired renal function.
Drug Interactions: 4-Aminosalicylic acid may interact with other medications, potentially increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of other drugs. It's important for patients to inform their healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking before starting treatment with 4-aminosalicylic acid.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| 📓 Direct Citations | 👪👶 Indirect Citations | Taxonomy | Rank | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | Parabacteroides | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Bilophila | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Lacrimispora | genus | Decreases |
| 0 | 1 | Streptococcus | genus | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Lacrimispora saccharolytica | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Bilophila wadsworthia | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Streptococcus salivarius | species | Decreases |
| 1 | 0 | Parabacteroides distasonis | species | Decreases |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Allergies | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0 | 0 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Asthma | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Autism | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Depression | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Endometriosis | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Heart Failure | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Long COVID | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Mood Disorders | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Obesity | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Psoriasis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1 | 1 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Vitiligo | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
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