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Antiviral Activity: Ganciclovir inhibits the replication of CMV by interfering with viral DNA synthesis. It acts as a nucleoside analog, disrupting viral DNA polymerase activity and preventing the formation of viral DNA chains. This inhibitory effect helps to control CMV infection and reduce its associated symptoms.
Treatment of CMV Retinitis: Ganciclovir is commonly used to treat CMV retinitis, a sight-threatening infection of the retina that can occur in immunocompromised individuals. Intravenous ganciclovir, oral ganciclovir, or intraocular implants (such as Vitrasert) may be used depending on the severity and location of the infection.
Prophylaxis in Transplant Patients: Ganciclovir is also used prophylactically to prevent CMV infection in solid organ transplant recipients, particularly those at high risk of CMV reactivation due to immunosuppressive therapy. Prophylactic treatment aims to reduce the incidence and severity of CMV-related complications post-transplantation.
Side Effects: Ganciclovir may cause several adverse effects, including bone marrow suppression (resulting in decreased white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets), gastrointestinal disturbances (such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), and headache. Bone marrow suppression can lead to an increased risk of infections and bleeding.
Renal Toxicity: Ganciclovir can cause kidney damage, particularly when administered intravenously at high doses or for prolonged periods. Patients receiving ganciclovir should be monitored regularly for signs of renal dysfunction, including changes in urine output and serum creatinine levels.
Hematological Effects: Ganciclovir-induced bone marrow suppression may manifest as neutropenia (low white blood cell count), anemia (low red blood cell count), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Close monitoring of blood counts is essential during ganciclovir therapy, and dose adjustments may be necessary to manage hematological toxicity.
Neurotoxicity: Rarely, ganciclovir has been associated with neurotoxicity, including symptoms such as confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and tremors. Patients experiencing neurological symptoms should discontinue ganciclovir and seek medical attention promptly.
Teratogenicity: Ganciclovir is known to be teratogenic and may cause birth defects if used during pregnancy. Women of childbearing age receiving ganciclovir should use effective contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment and for a period afterward.
Ophthalmic Formulations: Ganciclovir is available in ophthalmic formulations (such as gel or ointment) for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis and CMV retinitis. These formulations are applied directly to the affected eye(s) to deliver the medication locally.
Resistance: Prolonged or repeated use of ganciclovir may lead to the development of drug-resistant strains of CMV. Resistance testing may be performed in patients with persistent or recurrent CMV infection to guide alternative treatment strategies.
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive β X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Explanations /Info /Descriptions are influenced by Large Language Models and may not be accurate and include some hallucinations.Please report any to us for correction.
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