Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 supplements found in fish oil or certain plant sources are known for their potential cardiovascular benefits. Some studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids might have a modest effect in reducing triglycerides, lowering blood pressure, and possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. However, their specific role in preventing or treating atherosclerosis is not fully understood.

Antioxidants: Antioxidants like vitamins C and E, as well as coenzyme Q10, are believed to have potential benefits in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. However, evidence supporting their effectiveness specifically for preventing or treating atherosclerosis is limited.

Garlic: Some studies suggest that garlic supplements might have mild effects on reducing cholesterol levels and blood pressure, which are risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the evidence is not conclusive, and more research is needed.

Probiotics: The gut microbiota's influence on cardiovascular health has led to research into the potential role of probiotics in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains might have modest effects on lowering cholesterol levels or reducing inflammation. However, the evidence supporting their use specifically for atherosclerosis prevention or treatment is limited.

Plant Sterols and Stanols: These compounds, found naturally in certain plant-based foods or available in supplement form, might help lower LDL cholesterol levels. They work by blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. They might be recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet to help manage cholesterol levels.