Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals: Certain vitamins and minerals with antioxidant properties have been investigated for their potential to support eye health:

• Vitamin C, E, and Zinc: These antioxidants may help protect the eyes from oxidative stress. Some studies, like the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), have suggested that a specific combination of vitamins and minerals (vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and beta-carotene) may slow the progression of AMD in individuals at risk of advanced AMD. However, beta-carotene supplementation is not recommended for smokers due to potential health risks.

• Lutein and Zeaxanthin: These carotenoids are found in high concentrations in the macula (the central part of the retina) and are believed to protect against AMD. Some studies suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation may have a protective effect against AMD progression.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Some research has suggested that omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements or in foods like fatty fish, may have a potential role in supporting eye health and reducing the risk of AMD. However, evidence supporting their effectiveness is not conclusive.

Ginkgo Biloba: Ginkgo biloba is an herbal supplement that has been studied for its potential to improve blood flow and protect against oxidative damage in the eyes. Some research has explored its use in glaucoma, but its efficacy remains uncertain, and more evidence is needed.

Probiotics: The role of probiotics in eye health, particularly in conditions like AMD and glaucoma, is not well-established. While maintaining overall health through a balanced gut microbiota might indirectly support general well-being, there's limited evidence linking probiotics directly to improved eye health or the treatment of AMD or glaucoma.