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National Library of Medicine Citations for Multiple Sclerosis

The following have had published studies. These are report on the averages of a group of patients; they do not apply to all patients and are not necessary predictive.

Some studies were done on people with specific conditions, ethnic origin or diet style (i.e. traditional Chinese Diet versus Western Diet), which may be why some shifts are in opposite directions.

See this post about overlapping bacteria/taxa and possible progression of conditions.

AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

Note these are associations and not causation. Items being high or low may be part of the immune response.

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⬆️ indicate a study reporting it is high. ⬇️ indicates a study reporting it is low. Names are indented according to taxonomy rank. Hover over to see rank.

Pseudomonadota   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Haemophilus   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Acinetobacter   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Psychrobacter   ⬆️    
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex   ⬆️    
Pseudomonas   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Erwinia   ⬆️    
Escherichia   ⬆️    
Shigella   ⬆️    
Mycoplana   ⬆️    
Oxalobacteraceae   ⬆️    
Sutterella     ⬇️  
Sutterella wadsworthensis     ⬇️  
Verrucomicrobiota   ⬆️    
Lentisphaerota     ⬇️  
Chlamydiaceae   ⬆️    
Chlamydia   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Chlamydia pneumoniae   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Verrucomicrobiaceae   ⬆️    
Akkermansia   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Akkermansia muciniphila   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Bacteroidota     ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Bacteroidia     ⬇️  
Flavobacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Pedobacter   ⬆️    
Barnesiellaceae     ⬇️  
Alistipes   ⬆️    
Alistipes onderdonkii   ⬆️    
Prevotella   ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Segatella copri     ⬇️  
Butyricimonas   ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Butyricimonas virosa     ⬇️  
Parabacteroides   ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Parabacteroides distasonis     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Bacteroides     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Bacteroides fragilis     ⬇️  
Bacteroides stercoris     ⬇️  
Phocaeicola coprophilus     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Phocaeicola coprocola     ⬇️  
Phocaeicola vulgatus   ⬆️    
Bacillota     ⬇️  
Actinomycetota   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Mycoplasmatota     ⬇️  
Clostridia   ⬆️    
Oscillospiraceae   ⬆️    
Clostridiaceae   ⬆️    
Anaerofustis   ⬆️    
Anaerotruncus   ⬆️    
Faecalibacterium     ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Sporobacter   ⬆️    
Ruminococcus   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii     ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
[Clostridium] leptum   ⬆️    
Butyricicoccus     ⬇️  
Clostridium   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Clostridium perfringens   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Candidatus Soleaferrea   ⬆️    
Gemmiger     ⬇️  
Peptostreptococcaceae   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Romboutsia   ⬆️    
Intestinibacter     ⬇️  
Christensenellaceae   ⬆️    
Lachnospiraceae     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Anaerostipes     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Dorea   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Blautia   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Roseburia     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Coprococcus     ⬇️  
Eisenbergiella tayi   ⬆️    
[Clostridium] scindens   ⬆️    
[Clostridium] nexile   ⬆️    
Hungatella hathewayi   ⬆️    
Agathobacter rectalis     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Dorea formicigenerans     ⬇️  
Anaerostipes hadrus     ⬇️  
[Lactobacillus] rogosae     ⬇️  
Lachnospira eligens     ⬇️  
Blautia wexlerae     ⬇️  
Roseburia inulinivorans     ⬇️  
Erysipelotrichaceae     ⬇️  
Holdemanella biformis     ⬇️  
Coprobacillus     ⬇️  
Turicibacter     ⬇️  
Megamonas funiformis     ⬇️  
Staphylococcus aureus   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Lactobacillaceae     ⬇️  
Streptococcus   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Streptococcus salivarius   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Streptococcus thermophilus   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Streptococcus parasanguinis   ⬆️    
Streptococcus anginosus   ⬆️    
Lactobacillus   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Limosilactobacillus fermentum     ⬇️  
Cyanobacteriota   ⬆️    
Actinomycetes   ⬆️    
Coriobacteriia   ⬆️    
Bifidobacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Bifidobacterium longum   ⬆️    
Mycobacterium avium   ⬆️    
Eggerthella   ⬆️    
Adlercreutzia     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Eggerthella lenta   ⬆️    
Olsenella   ⬆️    
Collinsella aerofaciens   ⬆️    
Mycoplasma   ⬆️    
Desulfovibrionaceae   ⬆️    
Bilophila   ⬆️    
Desulfovibrio   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Borrelia   ⬆️    
Fusobacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Euryarchaeota   ⬆️    
Methanobacteriaceae   ⬆️    
Methanobrevibacter   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Methanobrevibacter smithii   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Leishmania   ⬆️    
Basidiomycota   ⬆️    
Ascomycota     ⬇️  
Candida albicans   ⬆️    
Saccharomyces   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Cryptococcus   ⬆️    

To see matches for your sample with the literature, raise display level.

Based on Clinical Studies in US National Libary of Medicine

For matching a percentile below 20% can be deemed to be low, and above 80% as high. These are arbitrary thresholds. In some cases, like for d-acidosis, it is the total from all bacteria that is important.

Reference Data
Tax Rank Tax Name Shift Percentile Distribution Citation Link
class Actinomycetes (NCBI:1760 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Bacteroidia (NCBI:200643 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Clostridia (NCBI:186801 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Coriobacteriia (NCBI:84998 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Barnesiellaceae (NCBI:2005519 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Chlamydiaceae (NCBI:809 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Christensenellaceae (NCBI:990719 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Clostridiaceae (NCBI:31979 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Desulfovibrionaceae (NCBI:194924 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Erysipelotrichaceae (NCBI:128827 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Lachnospiraceae (NCBI:186803 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Lactobacillaceae (NCBI:33958 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Methanobacteriaceae (NCBI:2159 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Oscillospiraceae (NCBI:216572 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Oxalobacteraceae (NCBI:75682 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Peptostreptococcaceae (NCBI:186804 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Ruminococcaceae (NCBI:541000 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Ruminococcaceae (NCBI:541000 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Verrucomicrobiaceae (NCBI:203557 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Acinetobacter (NCBI:469 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Adlercreutzia (NCBI:447020 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Akkermansia (NCBI:239934 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Alistipes (NCBI:239759 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerofustis (NCBI:264995 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerostipes (NCBI:207244 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerotruncus (NCBI:244127 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bacteroides (NCBI:816 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bifidobacterium (NCBI:1678 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bifidobacterium (NCBI:1678 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bilophila (NCBI:35832 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Blautia (NCBI:572511 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Blautia (NCBI:572511 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Borrelia (NCBI:138 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Butyricicoccus (NCBI:580596 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Butyricimonas (NCBI:574697 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Butyricimonas (NCBI:574697 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Candidatus Soleaferrea (NCBI:1470353 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Chlamydia (NCBI:810 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Clostridium (NCBI:1485 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Clostridium (NCBI:1485 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Coprobacillus (NCBI:100883 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Coprococcus (NCBI:33042 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Cryptococcus (NCBI:5206 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Desulfovibrio (NCBI:872 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Dorea (NCBI:189330 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Eggerthella (NCBI:84111 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Erwinia (NCBI:551 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Escherichia (NCBI:561 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Faecalibacterium (NCBI:216851 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Flavobacterium (NCBI:237 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Fusobacterium (NCBI:848 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Gemmiger (NCBI:204475 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Haemophilus (NCBI:724 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Haemophilus (NCBI:724 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Intestinibacter (NCBI:1505657 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lactobacillus (NCBI:1578 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lactobacillus (NCBI:1578 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Methanobrevibacter (NCBI:2172 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Mycoplana (NCBI:13159 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Mycoplasma (NCBI:2093 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Olsenella (NCBI:133925 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Parabacteroides (NCBI:375288 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Parabacteroides (NCBI:375288 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Pedobacter (NCBI:84567 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Prevotella (NCBI:838 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Prevotella (NCBI:838 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Pseudomonas (NCBI:286 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Psychrobacter (NCBI:497 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Romboutsia (NCBI:1501226 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Roseburia (NCBI:841 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Ruminococcus (NCBI:1263 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Ruminococcus (NCBI:1263 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Saccharomyces (NCBI:4930 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Saccharomyces (NCBI:4930 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Shigella (NCBI:620 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Sporobacter (NCBI:44748 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Streptococcus (NCBI:1301 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Streptococcus (NCBI:1301 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Sutterella (NCBI:40544 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Turicibacter (NCBI:191303 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Actinomycetota (NCBI:201174 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Actinomycetota (NCBI:201174 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Ascomycota (NCBI:4890 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Bacillota (NCBI:1239 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Bacteroidota (NCBI:976 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Basidiomycota (NCBI:5204 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Cyanobacteriota (NCBI:1117 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Euryarchaeota (NCBI:28890 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Lentisphaerota (NCBI:256845 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Mycoplasmatota (NCBI:544448 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Pseudomonadota (NCBI:1224 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Verrucomicrobiota (NCBI:74201 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species [Clostridium] leptum (NCBI:1535 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species [Clostridium] nexile (NCBI:29361 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species [Clostridium] scindens (NCBI:29347 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species [Lactobacillus] rogosae (NCBI:706562 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Agathobacter rectalis (NCBI:39491 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Akkermansia muciniphila (NCBI:239935 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Alistipes onderdonkii (NCBI:328813 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Anaerostipes hadrus (NCBI:649756 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bacteroides fragilis (NCBI:817 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bacteroides stercoris (NCBI:46506 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bifidobacterium longum (NCBI:216816 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Blautia wexlerae (NCBI:418240 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Butyricimonas virosa (NCBI:544645 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Candida albicans (NCBI:5476 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Chlamydia pneumoniae (NCBI:83558 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Clostridium perfringens (NCBI:1502 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Clostridium perfringens (NCBI:1502 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Collinsella aerofaciens (NCBI:74426 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Dorea formicigenerans (NCBI:39486 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Eggerthella lenta (NCBI:84112 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Eisenbergiella tayi (NCBI:1432052 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (NCBI:853 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Holdemanella biformis (NCBI:1735 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Hungatella hathewayi (NCBI:154046 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Lachnospira eligens (NCBI:39485 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Limosilactobacillus fermentum (NCBI:1613 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Megamonas funiformis (NCBI:437897 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Methanobrevibacter smithii (NCBI:2173 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Mycobacterium avium (NCBI:1764 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Parabacteroides distasonis (NCBI:823 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Phocaeicola coprocola (NCBI:310298 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Phocaeicola coprophilus (NCBI:387090 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Phocaeicola vulgatus (NCBI:821 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Roseburia inulinivorans (NCBI:360807 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans (NCBI:1550024 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Segatella copri (NCBI:165179 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Staphylococcus aureus (NCBI:1280 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Streptococcus anginosus (NCBI:1328 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Streptococcus parasanguinis (NCBI:1318 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Streptococcus salivarius (NCBI:1304 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Streptococcus thermophilus (NCBI:1308 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Sutterella wadsworthensis (NCBI:40545 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species group Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex (NCBI:909768 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
subgenus Leishmania (NCBI:38568 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed

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