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National Library of Medicine Citations for Schizophrenia

The following have had published studies. These are report on the averages of a group of patients; they do not apply to all patients and are not necessary predictive.

Some studies were done on people with specific conditions, ethnic origin or diet style (i.e. traditional Chinese Diet versus Western Diet), which may be why some shifts are in opposite directions.

See this post about overlapping bacteria/taxa and possible progression of conditions.

AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

Note these are associations and not causation. Items being high or low may be part of the immune response.

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⬆️ indicate a study reporting it is high. ⬇️ indicates a study reporting it is low. Names are indented according to taxonomy rank. Hover over to see rank.

Pseudomonadota   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Fusobacteriota   ⬆️    
Gammaproteobacteria   ⬆️    
Succinivibrio   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Haemophilus     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Enterobacteriaceae   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Morganella   ⬆️    
Klebsiella   ⬆️    
Cronobacter sakazakii   ⬆️    
Cronobacter turicensis   ⬆️    
Sphingomonadales   ⬆️    
Sphingomonadaceae   ⬆️    
Bartonella rochalimae   ⬆️    
Rhodocyclales     ⬇️  
Neisseria gonorrhoeae   ⬆️    
Rhodocyclaceae     ⬇️  
Alcaligenaceae     ⬇️  
Comamonas   ⬆️    
Sutterella   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Chlamydiaceae   ⬆️    
Chlamydia   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Verrucomicrobiaceae   ⬆️    
Akkermansia     ⬇️  
Akkermansia muciniphila   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Bacteroidota   ⬆️    
Bacteroidia   ⬆️    
Bacteroidales   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Rikenellaceae     ⬇️  
Prevotellaceae   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Paraprevotella   ⬆️    
Prevotella   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Odoribacter   ⬆️    
Barnesiella   ⬆️    
Parabacteroides   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Bacteroides   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Bacteroides uniformis   ⬆️    
Phocaeicola plebeius   ⬆️    
Actinomycetota   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Bacillota     ⬇️  
Clostridia   ⬆️    
Anaerococcus   ⬆️    
Eubacteriales   ⬆️    
Oscillospiraceae   ⬆️    
Anaerofustis   ⬆️    
Eubacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Ruminococcus   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Faecalibacterium     ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Subdoligranulum     ⬇️  
Anaerotruncus   ⬆️    
Flavonifractor   ⬆️    
[Eubacterium] siraeum   ⬆️    
Butyricicoccus     ⬇️  
Lactonifactor   ⬆️    
Clostridium   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Clostridium perfringens   ⬆️    
Gemmiger     ⬇️  
Peptostreptococcaceae   ⬆️    
Romboutsia   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Intestinibacter   ⬆️    
Mogibacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Alkaliphilus oremlandii   ⬆️    
Christensenellaceae   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Lachnospiraceae   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Anaerostipes     ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Blautia   ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Lachnoclostridium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Sellimonas   ⬆️    
Fusicatenibacter     ⬇️  
Lachnospira   ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Candidatus Epulonipiscium   ⬆️    
Coprococcus   ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
Roseburia     ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️  
[Clostridium] symbiosum   ⬆️    
Anaerobutyricum hallii   ⬆️    
Holdemania   ⬆️    
Bulleidia   ⬆️    
Solobacterium   ⬆️    
Turicibacter   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Acidaminococcus   ⬆️    
Veillonellaceae     ⬇️  
Dialister     ⬇️  
Veillonella   ⬆️   ⬇️   🧪 263244035 %ile
Megasphaera   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Veillonella parvula   ⬆️    
Megamonas   ⬆️    
Lactobacillales   ⬆️    
Staphylococcus   ⬆️    
Lactobacillaceae   ⬆️   ⬇️  
Enterococcaceae     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Streptococcus   ⬆️    
Streptococcus vestibularis   ⬆️    
Lactobacillus   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Weissella   ⬆️    
Lactobacillus gasseri   ⬆️    
Enterococcus     ⬇️ ⬇️  
Enterococcus faecium   ⬆️    
Actinomycetes   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️  
Actinomycetales   ⬆️    
Bifidobacteriales     ⬇️  
Actinomyces   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Bifidobacteriaceae     ⬇️  
Bifidobacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️   ⬇️ ⬇️  
Bifidobacterium adolescentis   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Bifidobacterium longum   ⬆️    
Corynebacterium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Eggerthella   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Adlercreutzia     ⬇️  
Atopobium   ⬆️ ⬆️    
Senegalimassilia   ⬆️    
Collinsella   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Desulfovibrionaceae   ⬆️    
Desulfovibrio   ⬆️ ⬆️ ⬆️    
Bilophila   ⬆️    
Treponema pallidum   ⬆️    
Candidatus Saccharimonas     ⬇️  
Fusobacterium   ⬆️    
Deltaproteobacteria   ⬆️    
Methanobrevibacter   ⬆️    
Morganella   ⬆️    
Candida albicans   ⬆️    
Aspergillus   ⬆️    
Morganella   ⬆️    

To see matches for your sample with the literature, raise display level.

Based on Clinical Studies in US National Libary of Medicine

For matching a percentile below 20% can be deemed to be low, and above 80% as high. These are arbitrary thresholds. In some cases, like for d-acidosis, it is the total from all bacteria that is important.

Reference Data
Tax Rank Tax Name Shift Percentile Distribution Citation Link
class Actinomycetes (NCBI:1760 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Actinomycetes (NCBI:1760 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Bacteroidia (NCBI:200643 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Clostridia (NCBI:186801 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Deltaproteobacteria (NCBI:28221 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
class Gammaproteobacteria (NCBI:1236 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Alcaligenaceae (NCBI:506 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Bifidobacteriaceae (NCBI:31953 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Chlamydiaceae (NCBI:809 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Christensenellaceae (NCBI:990719 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Christensenellaceae (NCBI:990719 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Desulfovibrionaceae (NCBI:194924 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Enterobacteriaceae (NCBI:543 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Enterobacteriaceae (NCBI:543 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Enterococcaceae (NCBI:81852 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Lachnospiraceae (NCBI:186803 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Lachnospiraceae (NCBI:186803 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Lactobacillaceae (NCBI:33958 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Lactobacillaceae (NCBI:33958 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Leuconostocaceae (NCBI:81850 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Oscillospiraceae (NCBI:216572 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Peptostreptococcaceae (NCBI:186804 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Prevotellaceae (NCBI:171552 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Rhodocyclaceae (NCBI:75787 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Rikenellaceae (NCBI:171550 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Ruminococcaceae (NCBI:541000 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Sphingomonadaceae (NCBI:41297 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Veillonellaceae (NCBI:31977 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
family Verrucomicrobiaceae (NCBI:203557 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Acidaminococcus (NCBI:904 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Actinomyces (NCBI:1654 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Adlercreutzia (NCBI:447020 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Akkermansia (NCBI:239934 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerococcus (NCBI:165779 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerofustis (NCBI:264995 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerostipes (NCBI:207244 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Anaerotruncus (NCBI:244127 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Aspergillus (NCBI:5052 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Atopobium (NCBI:1380 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bacteroides (NCBI:816 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bacteroides (NCBI:816 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Barnesiella (NCBI:397864 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bifidobacterium (NCBI:1678 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bifidobacterium (NCBI:1678 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bilophila (NCBI:35832 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Blautia (NCBI:572511 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Blautia (NCBI:572511 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Bulleidia (NCBI:118747 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Butyricicoccus (NCBI:580596 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Candidatus Epulonipiscium (NCBI:2383 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Candidatus Saccharimonas (NCBI:1331051 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Chlamydia (NCBI:810 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Clostridium (NCBI:1485 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Clostridium (NCBI:1485 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Collinsella (NCBI:102106 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Comamonas (NCBI:283 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Coprococcus (NCBI:33042 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Coprococcus (NCBI:33042 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Corynebacterium (NCBI:1716 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Desulfovibrio (NCBI:872 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Dialister (NCBI:39948 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Eggerthella (NCBI:84111 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Enterococcus (NCBI:1350 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Eubacterium (NCBI:1730 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Faecalibacterium (NCBI:216851 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Flavonifractor (NCBI:946234 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Fusicatenibacter (NCBI:1407607 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Fusobacterium (NCBI:848 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Gemmiger (NCBI:204475 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Haemophilus (NCBI:724 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Holdemania (NCBI:61170 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Intestinibacter (NCBI:1505657 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Klebsiella (NCBI:570 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lachnoclostridium (NCBI:1506553 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lachnospira (NCBI:28050 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lachnospira (NCBI:28050 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lactobacillus (NCBI:1578 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lactobacillus (NCBI:1578 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Lactonifactor (NCBI:420345 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Megamonas (NCBI:158846 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Megasphaera (NCBI:906 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Methanobrevibacter (NCBI:2172 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Mogibacterium (NCBI:86331 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Morganella (NCBI:581 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Morganella (NCBI:90690 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Morganella (NCBI:108061 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Odoribacter (NCBI:283168 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Parabacteroides (NCBI:375288 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Parabacteroides (NCBI:375288 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Paraprevotella (NCBI:577309 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Prevotella (NCBI:838 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Prevotella (NCBI:838 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Romboutsia (NCBI:1501226 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Romboutsia (NCBI:1501226 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Roseburia (NCBI:841 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Ruminococcus (NCBI:1263 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Ruminococcus (NCBI:1263 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Sellimonas (NCBI:1769710 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Senegalimassilia (NCBI:1473205 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Solobacterium (NCBI:123375 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Staphylococcus (NCBI:1279 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Streptococcus (NCBI:1301 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Subdoligranulum (NCBI:292632 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Succinivibrio (NCBI:83770 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Sutterella (NCBI:40544 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Sutterella (NCBI:40544 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Turicibacter (NCBI:191303 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Turicibacter (NCBI:191303 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Veillonella (NCBI:29465 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Veillonella (NCBI:29465 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
genus Weissella (NCBI:46255 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Actinomycetales (NCBI:2037 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Bacteroidales (NCBI:171549 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Bifidobacteriales (NCBI:85004 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Eubacteriales (NCBI:186802 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Lactobacillales (NCBI:186826 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Rhodocyclales (NCBI:206389 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
order Sphingomonadales (NCBI:204457 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Actinomycetota (NCBI:201174 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Actinomycetota (NCBI:201174 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Bacillota (NCBI:1239 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Bacteroidota (NCBI:976 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Fusobacteriota (NCBI:32066 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Pseudomonadota (NCBI:1224 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
phylum Pseudomonadota (NCBI:1224 ) Low n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species [Clostridium] symbiosum (NCBI:1512 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species [Eubacterium] siraeum (NCBI:39492 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Akkermansia muciniphila (NCBI:239935 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Alkaliphilus oremlandii (NCBI:461876 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Anaerobutyricum hallii (NCBI:39488 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bacteroides uniformis (NCBI:820 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bartonella rochalimae (NCBI:395923 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bifidobacterium adolescentis (NCBI:1680 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Bifidobacterium longum (NCBI:216816 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Candida albicans (NCBI:5476 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Clostridium perfringens (NCBI:1502 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Cronobacter sakazakii (NCBI:28141 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Cronobacter turicensis (NCBI:413502 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Enterococcus faecium (NCBI:1352 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Lactobacillus gasseri (NCBI:1596 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NCBI:485 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Phocaeicola plebeius (NCBI:310297 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Streptococcus vestibularis (NCBI:1343 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Treponema pallidum (NCBI:160 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed
species Veillonella parvula (NCBI:29466 ) High n/a Distribution    📚 PubMed

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