Clostridioides difficile: NCBI 1496, [species]

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| "Bacillus difficilis" Hall and O'Toole 1935| "Peptoclostridium difficile" Yutin and Galperin 2013| AS 1.2184| ATCC 9689| Bacillus difficilis| BCRC 10642| CCRC 10642| CCRC:10642| CCUG 4938| CIP 104282| Clostridioides difficile| Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016| Clostridium difficile| Clostridium difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prevot 1938 (Approved Lists 1980)| Clostridium difficle| Clostridium sp. HMSC19D05| DSM 1296| DSMZ 1296| JCM 1296| LMG 15861| LMG:15861| NCIMB 10666| NCTC 11209| Peptoclostridium difficile

1. Infection and Symptoms:

   • Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) can result in symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe colitis. Common symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and loss of appetite.

2. Risk Factors:

   • Antibiotic use is a major risk factor for CDI. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt the normal gut microbiota, allowing C. difficile to proliferate and produce toxins that damage the colon lining.

3. Healthcare-Associated Infections:

   • CDI is often associated with healthcare settings, including hospitals and long-term care facilities. The bacterium can spread easily in healthcare environments, and individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions are at higher risk of severe infections.

4. Toxin Production:

   • C. difficile produces toxins, particularly toxins A and B, which are responsible for the damage to the colon lining and the development of symptoms. Toxins produced by C. difficile play a central role in the pathogenesis of the infection.

5. Recurrence:

   • Recurrent CDI is a challenging aspect of the infection. Some individuals may experience multiple episodes of CDI, requiring additional treatment and management strategies.

6. Pseudomembranous Colitis:

   • Severe cases of CDI can lead to a condition known as pseudomembranous colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudomembranes on the colon lining. This condition can result in severe inflammation and complications.

7. Treatment:

   • Treatment of CDI typically involves discontinuing the use of the implicated antibiotics and administering specific antibiotics targeting C. difficile, such as metronidazole or vancomycin. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is also considered in recurrent cases.

8. Prevention:

   • Preventive measures include infection control practices in healthcare settings, appropriate use of antibiotics, and maintaining good hand hygiene.

Other Sources for more information:

• Immune Epitope Database
• The NCBI taxonomy database
• UniProt
• Immune Epitope Taxonomy Database (IEDB)
• AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

Legend

• The interactions are based on data from 1000 healthy individuals using shotgun 10M reads Precision Biome, a provider in full conformity to EU regulations for health information
• The width of the lines indicates R² (the coefficient of determination)
• Green indicates positive slope
• Red indicates negative
• Interactions are not two way because incidence of each bacteria are different

Clostridioides difficile impacts on other bacteria of the same rank

R2	Slope	Tax Name	Parent Chart
0.414457231760025	0.719889223575592	Bifidobacterium eulemuris	Parent Taxa
0.3830963969230652	0.6231752038002014	Blautia obeum	Parent Taxa
0.3785175681114197	0.6168646216392517	Coprococcus catus	Parent Taxa
0.3639695346355438	0.5825686454772949	Wansuia hejianensis	Parent Taxa
0.35903674364089966	0.5870751738548279	Enterococcus faecium	Parent Taxa
0.3561954200267792	0.5811350345611572	Subdoligranulum variabile	Parent Taxa
0.35522472858428955	0.5991621017456055	Dorea longicatena	Parent Taxa
0.35381388664245605	0.5992181897163391	Roseburia hominis	Parent Taxa
0.3459866940975189	0.5701815485954285	Pectobacterium parmentieri	Parent Taxa
0.34482064843177795	0.5752853751182556	Clostridium sp. M62/1	Parent Taxa
0.3435872495174408	0.5909517407417297	Anaerobutyricum hallii	Parent Taxa
0.34012463688850403	0.5787506103515625	Anaerotruncus colihominis	Parent Taxa
0.3400142788887024	0.5737279057502747	Faecalitalea cylindroides	Parent Taxa
0.339779794216156	0.5543347597122192	Marvinbryantia formatexigens	Parent Taxa
0.3366197645664215	0.5822628140449524	Coprococcus comes	Parent Taxa
0.3343086540699005	0.5794178247451782	Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans	Parent Taxa
0.3340061604976654	0.5619021654129028	Vescimonas fastidiosa	Parent Taxa
0.3298106789588928	0.5695750117301941	Dorea formicigenerans	Parent Taxa
0.32762929797172546	0.5703657865524292	Blautia sp. SC05B48	Parent Taxa
0.3270038366317749	0.5664221048355103	[Clostridium] scindens	Parent Taxa
0.31137651205062866	0.5378780364990234	Oscillibacter hominis	Parent Taxa
0.3109418451786041	0.5492636561393738	Intestinimonas butyriciproducens	Parent Taxa
0.3104071319103241	0.5535574555397034	Hungatella hathewayi	Parent Taxa
0.3057911694049835	0.5329993963241577	Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans	Parent Taxa
0.30462342500686646	0.5180167555809021	Christensenella minuta	Parent Taxa
0.30426445603370667	0.5342904925346375	Enterocloster asparagiformis	Parent Taxa
0.303693562746048	0.5525596141815186	[Clostridium] innocuum	Parent Taxa
0.30311381816864014	0.5403399467468262	Faecalibacterium duncaniae	Parent Taxa
0.2995605766773224	0.5385615229606628	[Ruminococcus] lactaris	Parent Taxa
0.2977534234523773	0.5564574599266052	Pantoea sp. At-9b	Parent Taxa
0.296755850315094	0.5630251169204712	Pectobacterium carotovorum	Parent Taxa
0.2891254723072052	0.5427854657173157	Anaerostipes hadrus	Parent Taxa
0.28347957134246826	0.4971994459629059	Massilistercora timonensis	Parent Taxa
0.28101566433906555	0.480071485042572	Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae	Parent Taxa
0.2799173891544342	0.5261544585227966	Faecalibacterium sp. I4-3-84	Parent Taxa
0.27983319759368896	0.5339929461479187	Blautia wexlerae	Parent Taxa
0.27664926648139954	0.4981083869934082	Longicatena caecimuris	Parent Taxa
0.275456041097641	0.5164325833320618	Vescimonas coprocola	Parent Taxa
0.2751414477825165	0.509494960308075	Blautia argi	Parent Taxa
0.27448973059654236	0.5153159499168396	Enterocloster clostridioformis	Parent Taxa
0.2743820250034332	0.4841536283493042	Ligilactobacillus ruminis	Parent Taxa
0.27350914478302	0.48285770416259766	Lachnoclostridium phocaeense	Parent Taxa
0.2718799114227295	0.5122051239013672	Pusillibacter faecalis	Parent Taxa
0.27137210965156555	0.4865489900112152	Klebsiella sp. WP8-S18-ESBL-06	Parent Taxa
0.2706391215324402	0.49113965034484863	[Eubacterium] hominis	Parent Taxa
0.270300030708313	0.4769655764102936	[Clostridium] hylemonae	Parent Taxa
0.26982370018959045	0.4759877622127533	Ruminococcus champanellensis	Parent Taxa
0.26843690872192383	0.45499011874198914	Pseudomonas extremaustralis	Parent Taxa
0.2659759223461151	0.5097987055778503	Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-89	Parent Taxa
0.26429283618927	0.5165131688117981	[Ruminococcus] torques	Parent Taxa
0.2636273503303528	0.5050647854804993	Faecalibacterium sp. I4-1-79	Parent Taxa
0.25525543093681335	0.5097665190696716	Roseburia intestinalis	Parent Taxa
0.25388187170028687	0.4969627857208252	Faecalibacterium sp. HTF-F	Parent Taxa
0.25282615423202515	0.4602987766265869	Solibaculum mannosilyticum	Parent Taxa
0.25118523836135864	0.36154502630233765	Helicobacter canadensis	Parent Taxa

Other bacteria of the same rank impacting Clostridioides difficile

R2	Slope	Tax Name	Parent Chart
0.4211059808731079	0.6816784739494324	Wansuia hejianensis	Parent Taxa
0.41895630955696106	0.6889554858207703	Marvinbryantia formatexigens	Parent Taxa
0.3958362936973572	0.693097710609436	Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae	Parent Taxa
0.39493757486343384	0.6531020998954773	Subdoligranulum variabile	Parent Taxa
0.3880598247051239	0.6429879069328308	Enterococcus faecium	Parent Taxa
0.3847113847732544	0.6639499664306641	Massilistercora timonensis	Parent Taxa
0.38407719135284424	0.6390680074691772	Clostridium sp. M62/1	Parent Taxa
0.3797856271266937	0.618808925151825	Coprococcus catus	Parent Taxa
0.3783276081085205	0.6681424379348755	[Clostridium] hylemonae	Parent Taxa
0.3775242269039154	0.6642705202102661	Lachnoclostridium phocaeense	Parent Taxa
0.37714841961860657	0.613318145275116	Blautia obeum	Parent Taxa
0.3763074278831482	0.6627729535102844	Christensenella minuta	Parent Taxa
0.37605205178260803	0.6733542680740356	Qiania dongpingensis	Parent Taxa
0.37571248412132263	0.6960613131523132	Ruminococcus gauvreauii	Parent Taxa
0.36870652437210083	0.6378724575042725	Vescimonas fastidiosa	Parent Taxa
0.36751118302345276	0.6391943097114563	Oscillibacter hominis	Parent Taxa
0.36711111664772034	0.6245506405830383	Faecalitalea cylindroides	Parent Taxa
0.3592393398284912	0.6378308534622192	Longicatena caecimuris	Parent Taxa
0.3573470413684845	0.6725854277610779	Acutalibacter muris	Parent Taxa
0.3573441505432129	0.6092343926429749	Anaerotruncus colihominis	Parent Taxa
0.3572750985622406	0.649557888507843	Ligilactobacillus ruminis	Parent Taxa
0.3552132546901703	0.6500257253646851	Solibaculum mannosilyticum	Parent Taxa
0.35083895921707153	0.6297637224197388	[Eubacterium] hominis	Parent Taxa
0.35081422328948975	0.5919850468635559	Dorea longicatena	Parent Taxa
0.34987524151802063	0.6537232995033264	Clostridium cadaveris	Parent Taxa
0.34847453236579895	0.6011394262313843	Dorea formicigenerans	Parent Taxa
0.3476164937019348	0.6148706078529358	Enterocloster asparagiformis	Parent Taxa
0.34643229842185974	0.5979917645454407	[Clostridium] scindens	Parent Taxa
0.34531715512275696	0.586927056312561	Roseburia hominis	Parent Taxa
0.34450674057006836	0.6550662517547607	Blautia liquoris	Parent Taxa
0.3439432382583618	0.6607961654663086	Eubacterium sp. c-25	Parent Taxa
0.34265801310539246	0.6022495627403259	Intestinimonas butyriciproducens	Parent Taxa
0.341685026884079	0.6458605527877808	Eubacterium callanderi	Parent Taxa
0.33819645643234253	0.5857834815979004	Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans	Parent Taxa
0.337859183549881	0.6034656167030334	Faecalibacterium duncaniae	Parent Taxa
0.3353738486766815	0.6455257534980774	Lacrimispora saccharolytica	Parent Taxa
0.3353016972541809	0.5801635384559631	Coprococcus comes	Parent Taxa
0.334307998418808	0.5757231712341309	Anaerobutyricum hallii	Parent Taxa
0.3340234160423279	0.5849572420120239	Blautia sp. SC05B48	Parent Taxa
0.3331502079963684	0.5939034223556519	[Ruminococcus] lactaris	Parent Taxa
0.3306709825992584	0.6104034185409546	Blautia hansenii	Parent Taxa
0.329971581697464	0.624232292175293	Flintibacter sp. KGMB00164	Parent Taxa
0.3283083140850067	0.6464675068855286	Maliibacterium massiliense	Parent Taxa
0.32738053798675537	0.6279405355453491	Catenibacterium mitsuokai	Parent Taxa
0.32610365748405457	0.5812665224075317	Hungatella hathewayi	Parent Taxa
0.3252164423465729	0.61378014087677	Amedibacterium intestinale	Parent Taxa
0.32515010237693787	0.6374388933181763	Eubacterium limosum	Parent Taxa
0.3240720331668854	0.5940420031547546	Blautia argi	Parent Taxa
0.3171892464160919	0.6050769090652466	Blautia pseudococcoides	Parent Taxa
0.30966058373451233	0.5726390480995178	Vescimonas coprocola	Parent Taxa
0.30840328335762024	0.5731850862503052	Pusillibacter faecalis	Parent Taxa
0.3080311417579651	0.5840280055999756	Blautia producta	Parent Taxa
0.307310551404953	0.5823196172714233	Butyrivibrio crossotus	Parent Taxa
0.3069022595882416	0.5702025890350342	Enterocloster clostridioformis	Parent Taxa
0.3058429956436157	0.6159461140632629	Monoglobus pectinilyticus	Parent Taxa
0.3029918074607849	0.5980720520019531	Clostridium sp. SY8519	Parent Taxa
0.3026401400566101	0.5509963035583496	[Clostridium] innocuum	Parent Taxa
0.301037460565567	0.6221621632575989	Streptococcus pasteurianus	Parent Taxa
0.3010155260562897	0.6206367015838623	Parvimonas micra	Parent Taxa
0.30080026388168335	0.6128581762313843	Eubacterium maltosivorans	Parent Taxa
0.2990945875644684	0.6105383634567261	Ruminococcus champanellensis	Parent Taxa
0.2988317608833313	0.5765018463134766	Coprococcus eutactus	Parent Taxa
0.2987717092037201	0.5566151142120361	Faecalibacterium sp. I4-3-84	Parent Taxa
0.2982363998889923	0.6254655718803406	Mageeibacillus indolicus	Parent Taxa
0.29809531569480896	0.6153505444526672	Enterococcus cecorum	Parent Taxa
0.29746612906455994	0.562092125415802	Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-89	Parent Taxa
0.2948403060436249	0.5927801728248596	Streptococcus suis	Parent Taxa
0.29441654682159424	0.5596911907196045	Faecalibacterium sp. I4-1-79	Parent Taxa
0.2888953387737274	0.5890891551971436	Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis	Parent Taxa
0.28380727767944336	0.5519996285438538	Faecalibacterium sp. HTF-F	Parent Taxa
0.2835919260978699	0.5622046589851379	Faecalibacterium sp. I2-3-92	Parent Taxa
0.28342366218566895	0.5798863172531128	Eubacterium sp. MSJ-33	Parent Taxa
0.2824239432811737	0.5551392436027527	Faecalibacterium sp. IP-3-29	Parent Taxa
0.27957603335380554	0.5456305146217346	Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus	Parent Taxa
0.27933719754219055	0.544313371181488	Coprococcus sp. ART55/1	Parent Taxa
0.2782554626464844	0.5250949859619141	Anaerostipes hadrus	Parent Taxa
0.2776094079017639	0.591307520866394	Mogibacterium diversum	Parent Taxa
0.27350151538848877	0.5359644293785095	Eubacterium ventriosum	Parent Taxa
0.26872360706329346	0.5158888697624207	Blautia wexlerae	Parent Taxa
0.2648422420024872	0.5427922606468201	Faecalibacterium sp. IP-1-18	Parent Taxa
0.263031929731369	0.5909865498542786	Chordicoccus furentiruminis	Parent Taxa
0.2610536813735962	0.5112180709838867	[Ruminococcus] torques	Parent Taxa
0.26014548540115356	0.5873879194259644	Treponema peruense	Parent Taxa
0.2584671676158905	0.573348879814148	Emergencia timonensis	Parent Taxa
0.2555021345615387	0.5805371403694153	Komagataeibacter oboediens	Parent Taxa
0.2543245851993561	0.5345166325569153	Faecalibacterium sp. I3-3-33	Parent Taxa
0.25299185514450073	0.5618870258331299	Catenibacterium sp. co_0103	Parent Taxa
0.2519305646419525	0.5713641047477722	Lactococcus cremoris	Parent Taxa